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Review

Events Occurring in the Axotomized Facial Nucleus

by
Kazuyuki Nakajima
1,2,* and
Takashi Ishijima
1
1
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
2
Glycan & Life Systems Integration Center, Soka University, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2022, 11(13), 2068; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11132068
Submission received: 1 June 2022 / Revised: 26 June 2022 / Accepted: 27 June 2022 / Published: 29 June 2022

Abstract

Transection of the rat facial nerve leads to a variety of alterations not only in motoneurons, but also in glial cells and inhibitory neurons in the ipsilateral facial nucleus. In injured motoneurons, the levels of energy metabolism-related molecules are elevated, while those of neurofunction-related molecules are decreased. In tandem with these motoneuron changes, microglia are activated and start to proliferate around injured motoneurons, and astrocytes become activated for a long period without mitosis. Inhibitory GABAergic neurons reduce the levels of neurofunction-related molecules. These facts indicate that injured motoneurons somehow closely interact with glial cells and inhibitory neurons. At the same time, these events allow us to predict the occurrence of tissue remodeling in the axotomized facial nucleus. This review summarizes the events occurring in the axotomized facial nucleus and the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with each event.
Keywords: facial nerve; axotomy; motoneurons; microglia; astrocytes; GABAergic neurons; tissue remodeling facial nerve; axotomy; motoneurons; microglia; astrocytes; GABAergic neurons; tissue remodeling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nakajima, K.; Ishijima, T. Events Occurring in the Axotomized Facial Nucleus. Cells 2022, 11, 2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11132068

AMA Style

Nakajima K, Ishijima T. Events Occurring in the Axotomized Facial Nucleus. Cells. 2022; 11(13):2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11132068

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nakajima, Kazuyuki, and Takashi Ishijima. 2022. "Events Occurring in the Axotomized Facial Nucleus" Cells 11, no. 13: 2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11132068

APA Style

Nakajima, K., & Ishijima, T. (2022). Events Occurring in the Axotomized Facial Nucleus. Cells, 11(13), 2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11132068

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