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Review

The Role of Iron and Cobalt in Gynecological Diseases

by
Adrianna Ćwiertnia
*,
Mateusz Kozłowski
and
Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2023, 12(1), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12010117
Submission received: 27 November 2022 / Revised: 12 December 2022 / Accepted: 26 December 2022 / Published: 28 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women’s Special Issue Series: Cells and Ovarian Cancer)

Abstract

Iron and cobalt are micronutrients that play an important role in the regulation of cellular processes, being part of the centre of catalases, peroxidases, cytochromes and metalloproteins such as hemoglobin and myoglobin (Fe). Cobalt primarily functions as a component of hydroxycobalamin, which is essential for regulating red blood cell production. Maintaining normal levels of cobalt and iron in the human body is important, as a deficiency can lead to anaemia. These elements are also involved in reactions during which oxidative stress occurs and are therefore considered to be a cause of tumor formation. This paper will discuss aspects of the influence of cobalt and iron on mechanisms that may contribute to the growth of gynecological tumors, as well as other obstetric-gynecological disease entities, by altering the conditions of the microenvironment. In addition, the following review also highlights the role of cobalt and iron in the treatment of gynecological tumors.
Keywords: iron; cobalt; ovarian cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; uterine myoma; endometriosis; polycystic ovary syndrome; placental hypoxia; radiotherapy iron; cobalt; ovarian cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; uterine myoma; endometriosis; polycystic ovary syndrome; placental hypoxia; radiotherapy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ćwiertnia, A.; Kozłowski, M.; Cymbaluk-Płoska, A. The Role of Iron and Cobalt in Gynecological Diseases. Cells 2023, 12, 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12010117

AMA Style

Ćwiertnia A, Kozłowski M, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. The Role of Iron and Cobalt in Gynecological Diseases. Cells. 2023; 12(1):117. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12010117

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ćwiertnia, Adrianna, Mateusz Kozłowski, and Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska. 2023. "The Role of Iron and Cobalt in Gynecological Diseases" Cells 12, no. 1: 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12010117

APA Style

Ćwiertnia, A., Kozłowski, M., & Cymbaluk-Płoska, A. (2023). The Role of Iron and Cobalt in Gynecological Diseases. Cells, 12(1), 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12010117

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