The Nuclear NF-κB Regulator IκBζ: Updates on Its Molecular Functions and Pathophysiological Roles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Identification, Structure, and Expression Properties
3. Molecular Functions
4. Cell Type-Specific Roles of IκBζ and Associations with Human Diseases
4.1. Keratinocytes
4.2. Intestinal Epithelial Cells
4.3. Oral Epithelial Cells
4.4. Natural Killer (NK) Cells
4.5. Chondrocytes
4.6. Other Types of Cells
Tissue (Cre Driver) | Phenotypes |
---|---|
Epithelial cells (KRT5-Cre) | Inflammation in facial skin, dacryoadenitis similar to human Sjögren’s syndrome [23], reduced production of antimicrobial proteins, and susceptible to infection by Staphylococcus aureus [65]. |
Keratinocytes (KRT14-Cre) | Resistance to imiquimod-induced psoriasis model [72]. |
Intestinal epithelial cells (Vil1-Cre) | Reduced expression of anti-microbial proteins, expansion of SFB, and increase in Th17 cells [58]. |
Oral epithelial cells (Krt13-Cre) | Increased susceptibility to oropharyngeal candidiasis [81]. |
Chondrocytes (Col2a1-Cre) | Downregulation of matrix-degrading enzymes and alleviation of osteoarthritis model [85]. |
Hepatocytes (Alb-Cre) | Facilitated progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [86]. |
T cells (Lck-Cre) | Increased production of IFN-γ [88]. |
B cells (Cd79a/Mb1-Cre) | Impairment of T cell-dependent type 1 antibody response and Reduction in the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) [89]. |
5. Discussion and Perspectives
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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IκB Subfamily | Nuclear IκB | Cytoplasmic IκB |
---|---|---|
Members | IκBζ, Bcl-3, IκBNS | IκBα, IκBβ, IκBε |
Intracellular distribution | Nucleus | Cytoplasm |
NF-κB regulation | Modulation of NF-κB- mediated transcription | Inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation |
Preference of binding to NF-κB subunit | p50 | p65, c-Rel |
Basal expression | Very low | Consistent levels |
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Yamazaki, S. The Nuclear NF-κB Regulator IκBζ: Updates on Its Molecular Functions and Pathophysiological Roles. Cells 2024, 13, 1467. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171467
Yamazaki S. The Nuclear NF-κB Regulator IκBζ: Updates on Its Molecular Functions and Pathophysiological Roles. Cells. 2024; 13(17):1467. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171467
Chicago/Turabian StyleYamazaki, Soh. 2024. "The Nuclear NF-κB Regulator IκBζ: Updates on Its Molecular Functions and Pathophysiological Roles" Cells 13, no. 17: 1467. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171467