Immunotherapy for Parkinson’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Promising Disease-Modifying Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Importance of ND Treatment
2.1. Increasing Incidence and Socio-Economic Burden
2.2. Growing Number of Clinical Trials
3. Alzheimer’s Disease
3.1. Pathology and Epidemiology
3.2. Current Treatments
3.2.1. Pharmacological Interventions
3.2.2. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies
3.2.3. Advanced Therapeutic Strategies
3.2.4. Lifestyle Interventions and Τ-Targeted Therapies
3.2.5. Immunotherapy and Amyloid-Directed Antibodies
3.3. Monoclonal Antibodies for AD
3.3.1. Bapineuzumab
3.3.2. Solanezumab
3.3.3. Gantenerumab
3.3.4. Crenezumab
3.3.5. Aducanumab
3.4. Ongoing Trials for Potential Therapeutics
3.4.1. Lecanemab
3.4.2. PNT001
4. Parkinson’s Disease
4.1. Pathology and Epidemiology
4.2. Current Therapeutics
4.3. Monoclonal Antibodies for PD
4.3.1. Cinpanemab
4.3.2. Prasinezumab
4.3.3. UCB7853
4.3.4. LU AF82422
4.3.5. PRX002
4.3.6. TAK-341/MEDI1341
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Mahboob, A.; Ali, H.; AlNaimi, A.; Yousef, M.; Rob, M.; Al-Muhannadi, N.A.; Senevirathne, D.K.L.; Chaari, A. Immunotherapy for Parkinson’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Promising Disease-Modifying Therapy. Cells 2024, 13, 1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13181527
Mahboob A, Ali H, AlNaimi A, Yousef M, Rob M, Al-Muhannadi NA, Senevirathne DKL, Chaari A. Immunotherapy for Parkinson’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Promising Disease-Modifying Therapy. Cells. 2024; 13(18):1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13181527
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahboob, Anns, Hasan Ali, AlJazi AlNaimi, Mahmoud Yousef, Mlaak Rob, Nawaf Ahmad Al-Muhannadi, Degiri Kalana Lasanga Senevirathne, and Ali Chaari. 2024. "Immunotherapy for Parkinson’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Promising Disease-Modifying Therapy" Cells 13, no. 18: 1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13181527