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Autophagy-Mediated Cellular Remodeling during Terminal Differentiation of Keratinocytes in the Epidermis and Skin Appendages
by
Leopold Eckhart
Leopold Eckhart 1,*,
Florian Gruber
Florian Gruber 1,2 and
Supawadee Sukseree
Supawadee Sukseree 1,3
1
Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
2
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence—SKINMAGINE, 1090 Vienna, Austria
3
Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2024, 13(20), 1675; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13201675 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 August 2024
/
Revised: 28 September 2024
/
Accepted: 9 October 2024
/
Published: 10 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Section
Autophagy)
Abstract
The epidermis of the skin and skin appendages, such as nails, hair and sebaceous glands, depend on a balance of cell proliferation and terminal differentiation in order to fulfill their functions at the interface of the body and the environment. The differentiation of epithelial cells of the skin, commonly referred to as keratinocytes, involves major remodeling processes that generate metabolically inactive cell remnants serving as building blocks of the epidermal stratum corneum, nail plates and hair shafts. Only sebaceous gland differentiation results in cell disintegration and holocrine secretion. A series of studies performed in the past decade have revealed that the lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation mechanism of autophagy is active during keratinocyte differentiation, and the blockade of autophagy significantly alters the properties of the differentiation products. Here, we present a model for the autophagy-mediated degradation of organelles and cytosolic proteins as an important contributor to cellular remodeling in keratinocyte differentiation. The roles of autophagy are discussed in comparison to alternative intracellular degradation mechanisms and in the context of programmed cell death as an integral end point of epithelial differentiation.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Eckhart, L.; Gruber, F.; Sukseree, S.
Autophagy-Mediated Cellular Remodeling during Terminal Differentiation of Keratinocytes in the Epidermis and Skin Appendages. Cells 2024, 13, 1675.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13201675
AMA Style
Eckhart L, Gruber F, Sukseree S.
Autophagy-Mediated Cellular Remodeling during Terminal Differentiation of Keratinocytes in the Epidermis and Skin Appendages. Cells. 2024; 13(20):1675.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13201675
Chicago/Turabian Style
Eckhart, Leopold, Florian Gruber, and Supawadee Sukseree.
2024. "Autophagy-Mediated Cellular Remodeling during Terminal Differentiation of Keratinocytes in the Epidermis and Skin Appendages" Cells 13, no. 20: 1675.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13201675
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