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Review

Estrogen Actions in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

by
Oliver Treeck
*,
Susanne Schüler-Toprak
and
Olaf Ortmann
Department of Gynecology of Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2020, 9(11), 2358; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112358
Submission received: 21 September 2020 / Revised: 15 October 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 / Published: 26 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Dependent Cancers: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutical Implications)
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Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen receptor (ER) α, but the expression of estrogen receptors ERβ and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) is able to trigger estrogen-responsivity in TNBC. Estrogen signaling in TNBC can also be activated and modulated by the constitutively active estrogen-related receptors (ERRs). In this review article, we discuss the role of ERβ and GPER-1 as mediators of E2 action in TNBC as well as the function of ERRs as activators and modulators of estrogen signaling in this cancer entity. For this purpose, original research articles on estrogen actions in TNBC were considered, which are listed in the PubMed database. Additionally, we performed meta-analyses of publicly accessible integrated gene expression and survival data to elucidate the association of ERβ, GPER-1, and ERR expression levels in TNBC with survival. Finally, options for endocrine therapy strategies for TNBC were discussed.
Keywords: triple-negative breast cancer; estrogen; estrogen receptor; G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1; estrogen-related receptor triple-negative breast cancer; estrogen; estrogen receptor; G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1; estrogen-related receptor

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MDPI and ACS Style

Treeck, O.; Schüler-Toprak, S.; Ortmann, O. Estrogen Actions in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2020, 9, 2358. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112358

AMA Style

Treeck O, Schüler-Toprak S, Ortmann O. Estrogen Actions in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells. 2020; 9(11):2358. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112358

Chicago/Turabian Style

Treeck, Oliver, Susanne Schüler-Toprak, and Olaf Ortmann. 2020. "Estrogen Actions in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer" Cells 9, no. 11: 2358. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112358

APA Style

Treeck, O., Schüler-Toprak, S., & Ortmann, O. (2020). Estrogen Actions in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells, 9(11), 2358. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112358

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