Central Modulation of Selective Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Ameliorates Experimental Multiple Sclerosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Drug Formulation
2.2. Mice
2.3. EAE Model
2.4. Minipump and Surgery
2.5. Ex Vivo Experiments
2.6. In Vitro Experiments
2.7. Electrophysiology
2.8. Real Time PCR (qPCR)
2.9. Immunohistochemistry and Confocal Microscopy
2.10. Murine CD3+ Cell Isolation
2.11. T-Cell Absolute Count
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Ex Vivo Ozanimod Treatment Restores Normal Glutamatergic Transmission in EAE Striatum
3.2. Ozanimod Treatment Exerts an Anti-Inflammatory Action on EAE Striatum and on Activated Microglial Cell Line
3.3. Ozanimod Pre-Treatment of EAE T Lymphocytes Rescues Striatal Glutamatergic Alterations In Ex Vivo EAE Model
3.4. Selective Agonists of Central S1P1 and S1P5 Differently Modulate EAE Striatal Glutamatergic Alterations
3.5. In Vivo Treatment with S1P1 Selective Agonist Ameliorates EAE Disease
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Musella, A.; Gentile, A.; Guadalupi, L.; Rizzo, F.R.; De Vito, F.; Fresegna, D.; Bruno, A.; Dolcetti, E.; Vanni, V.; Vitiello, L.; et al. Central Modulation of Selective Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Ameliorates Experimental Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2020, 9, 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051290
Musella A, Gentile A, Guadalupi L, Rizzo FR, De Vito F, Fresegna D, Bruno A, Dolcetti E, Vanni V, Vitiello L, et al. Central Modulation of Selective Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Ameliorates Experimental Multiple Sclerosis. Cells. 2020; 9(5):1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051290
Chicago/Turabian StyleMusella, Alessandra, Antonietta Gentile, Livia Guadalupi, Francesca Romana Rizzo, Francesca De Vito, Diego Fresegna, Antonio Bruno, Ettore Dolcetti, Valentina Vanni, Laura Vitiello, and et al. 2020. "Central Modulation of Selective Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Ameliorates Experimental Multiple Sclerosis" Cells 9, no. 5: 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051290