Metallothioneins in Failure of Dental Implants and Periodontitis Down Syndrome Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Down syndrome patients who have suffered aggressive periodontitis and for whom implant treatment has failed.
- Down syndrome patients who have not suffered aggressive periodontitis and have a positive experience of implant treatment (more than two years’ follow-up without bone loss problems (grade 1 on the Lavergall and Jansson scale) [14].
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Type of Study
2.2. Selection of Patients and Study Groups
- Non-Down syndrome patients
- Patients receiving treatment that could possibly affect bone metabolism, such as long-term corticosteroids, bisphosphonates, or monoclonal antibodies.
- Patients treated with short implants, or with immediate loading implants.
- Patients with active or untreated periodontal disease.
- Patients with implants inserted less than two years ago.
- Grade 0: implants with no marginal bone loss.
- Grade 1: marginal bone loss of one-third or less of the total length of the implant.
- Grade 2: one-third, but less than two-thirds, of the total length of the implant.
- Grade 3: marginal bone loss greater than two-thirds of the total length of the implant.
- A fifth group (Grade 4) was added of those patients where the implant was lost.
2.3. Sampling and Total RNA Isolation
2.4. Gene Expression
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. RNA Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient | Group | Age | Sex | Smoker | Drinker | History of Controlled Periodontal Disease | Implants Placed | Bone Regeneration | Result after Two Years of Follow-up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | +PD+FI | 41 | Female | No | No | Yes | 2 implants | No | 1 implant lost and 1 implants with severe peri-implantitis |
2 | +PD+FI | 39 | Female | No | No | Yes | 3 implants | No | 1 implant lost and 2 implants with severe peri-implantitis |
3 | +PD+FI | 33 | Male | No | No | Yes | 4 implants | No | 2 implants with severe peri-implantitis |
4 | +PD+FI | 35 | Male | No | No | Yes | 12 implants | No | 3 implants lost |
5 | -PD-FI | 40 | Female | No | No | No | 3 implants | No | No implant failure or peri-implantitis |
6 | -PD-FI | 34 | Female | No | No | No | 2 implants | No | No implant failure or peri-implantitis |
7 | -PD-FI | 43 | Female | No | No | No | 3 implants | No | No implant failure or peri-implantitis |
8 | -PD-FI | 48 | Female | No | No | No | 2 implants | No | No implant failure or peri-implantitis |
9 | -PD-FI | 44 | Male | No | No | No | No | No | No implant failure or peri-implantitis |
10 | -PD-FI | 38 | Male | No | No | No | No | No | No implant failure or peri-implantitis |
11 | -PD-FI | 44 | Male | No | No | No | No | No | No implant failure or peri-implantitis |
ID | +PD+FI (Average, log 2) | -PD-FI (Average, log 2) | Fold Change | p Value | Fdr p Value | Genetic Symbol | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TC1600007959 | 8.05 | 9.49 | −2.71 | 0.0014 | 0.9997 | MT1E | Metallothionein 1E |
TC1600007966 | 6.8 | 8.06 | −2.39 | 0.0018 | 0.9997 | MT1H | Metallothionein 1H |
TC1600011399 | 10.73 | 12.36 | −3.09 | 0.0021 | 0.9997 | MT1X | Metallothionein 1X |
TC1600007962 | 12.17 | 13.67 | −2.82 | 0.0023 | 0.9997 | MT1A | Metallothionein 1A |
TC1600007964 | 11.7 | 13.38 | −2.95 | 0.0024 | 0.9997 | MT1B; MT1C | Metallothionein 1B; Metallothionein 1C, pseudogene |
TC1600007958 | 11.58 | 12.93 | −2.55 | 0.0048 | 0.9997 | MT1L | Metallothionein 1L (gene/pseudogene) |
TC1600007957 | 13.82 | 15.05 | −2.35 | 0.0072 | 0.9997 | MT2A | Metallothionein 2A |
TC1600007960 | 9.03 | 10.39 | −2.37 | 0.0092 | 0.9997 | MT1M | Metallothionein 1M |
TC1600010421 | 10.62 | 11.79 | −2.24 | 0.0118 | 0.9997 | MT1G | Metallothionein 1G |
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Share and Cite
Baus-Domínguez, M.; Gómez-Díaz, R.; Corcuera-Flores, J.-R.; Torres-Lagares, D.; Ruiz-Villandiego, J.-C.; Machuca-Portillo, G.; Gutiérrez-Pérez, J.-L.; Serrera-Figallo, M.-A. Metallothioneins in Failure of Dental Implants and Periodontitis Down Syndrome Patients. Genes 2019, 10, 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10090711
Baus-Domínguez M, Gómez-Díaz R, Corcuera-Flores J-R, Torres-Lagares D, Ruiz-Villandiego J-C, Machuca-Portillo G, Gutiérrez-Pérez J-L, Serrera-Figallo M-A. Metallothioneins in Failure of Dental Implants and Periodontitis Down Syndrome Patients. Genes. 2019; 10(9):711. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10090711
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaus-Domínguez, Maria, Raquel Gómez-Díaz, Jose-Ramón Corcuera-Flores, Daniel Torres-Lagares, José-Cruz Ruiz-Villandiego, Guillermo Machuca-Portillo, José-Luis Gutiérrez-Pérez, and María-Angeles Serrera-Figallo. 2019. "Metallothioneins in Failure of Dental Implants and Periodontitis Down Syndrome Patients" Genes 10, no. 9: 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10090711