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Article

The Influence of Genetic Polymorphic Variability of the Catechol-O-methyltransferase Gene in a Group of Patients with a Diagnosis of Behavioural Addiction, including Personality Traits

by
Remigiusz Recław
1,
Krzysztof Chmielowiec
2,
Aleksandra Suchanecka
3,
Agnieszka Boroń
4,
Jolanta Chmielowiec
2,
Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta
3,
Michał Tomasz Kowalski
5,
Jolanta Masiak
6,
Grzegorz Trybek
7,8 and
Anna Grzywacz
3,*
1
Foundation Strong in the Spirit, 60 Sienkiewicza St., 90-058 Łódź, Poland
2
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
3
Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
4
Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Aleja Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
5
Clinical Department of Cardiology, Nowa Sól Multidisciplinary Hospital, 67-100 Nowa Sol, Poland
6
II Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Głuska St., 20-059 Lublin, Poland
7
Department of Oral Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
8
Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, 4th Military Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, ul. Rudolfa Weigla 5, 50-981 Wrolaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genes 2024, 15(3), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15030299
Submission received: 2 February 2024 / Revised: 24 February 2024 / Accepted: 24 February 2024 / Published: 26 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Genetic Basis of Mental Disorders)
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Abstract

Gambling Disorder (GD) is characterised by a harmful, enduring, and recurrent involvement in betting-related behaviours. Therefore, GD shares similar biological mechanisms and symptoms to substance use disorders (SUD). Therefore, in this study, we chose the behavioural addictions group. During the examination and recruitment to the study, it turned out that all the people undergoing treatment for gambling addiction were also addicted to amphetamines, which is consistent with the biological mechanism related to cerebral neurotransmission. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of the COMT gene polymorphism with behavioral addiction. The study group consisted of 307 participants: 107 men with gambling disorder and amphetamine dependency (mean age = 27.51, SD = 5.25) and 200 non-addicted, nor dependent, free from neuro-psychiatric disorders control group men (mean age = 20.20, SD = 4.51). Both groups were subjected to psychometric evaluation using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood following standard protocols. Determination of the rs4680 polymorphism in the COMT gene was performed using the real-time PCR technique. Statistically significant differences in the frequency of rs4680 genotypes were found in the tested sample of subjects compared with the control group (p = 0.03543). Subjects with gambling disorder and amphetamine use disorder compared to the control group obtained higher scores in the assessment of the STAI trait scale (p = 0.0019), state scale (p < 0.0000), and NEO-FFI Neuroticism scale (p < 0.0000). Significantly lower results were obtained for the NEO-FFI Agreeability scale (p < 0.0000). Additionally, a significant statistical impact of gambling disorder and amphetamine use disorder, and the COMT rs4680 genotype was demonstrated for the score of the STAI trait (p = 0.0351) and state (p = 0.0343) and the NEO-FFI Conscientiousness scale (p = 0.0018). We conclude that COMT and its polymorphic variant influence the development of addiction. Still, considering its multifactorial and polygenic nature, it should be combined with other factors such as personality.
Keywords: behavioral addiction; personality traits; COMT rs4680 behavioral addiction; personality traits; COMT rs4680

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MDPI and ACS Style

Recław, R.; Chmielowiec, K.; Suchanecka, A.; Boroń, A.; Chmielowiec, J.; Strońska-Pluta, A.; Kowalski, M.T.; Masiak, J.; Trybek, G.; Grzywacz, A. The Influence of Genetic Polymorphic Variability of the Catechol-O-methyltransferase Gene in a Group of Patients with a Diagnosis of Behavioural Addiction, including Personality Traits. Genes 2024, 15, 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15030299

AMA Style

Recław R, Chmielowiec K, Suchanecka A, Boroń A, Chmielowiec J, Strońska-Pluta A, Kowalski MT, Masiak J, Trybek G, Grzywacz A. The Influence of Genetic Polymorphic Variability of the Catechol-O-methyltransferase Gene in a Group of Patients with a Diagnosis of Behavioural Addiction, including Personality Traits. Genes. 2024; 15(3):299. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15030299

Chicago/Turabian Style

Recław, Remigiusz, Krzysztof Chmielowiec, Aleksandra Suchanecka, Agnieszka Boroń, Jolanta Chmielowiec, Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta, Michał Tomasz Kowalski, Jolanta Masiak, Grzegorz Trybek, and Anna Grzywacz. 2024. "The Influence of Genetic Polymorphic Variability of the Catechol-O-methyltransferase Gene in a Group of Patients with a Diagnosis of Behavioural Addiction, including Personality Traits" Genes 15, no. 3: 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15030299

APA Style

Recław, R., Chmielowiec, K., Suchanecka, A., Boroń, A., Chmielowiec, J., Strońska-Pluta, A., Kowalski, M. T., Masiak, J., Trybek, G., & Grzywacz, A. (2024). The Influence of Genetic Polymorphic Variability of the Catechol-O-methyltransferase Gene in a Group of Patients with a Diagnosis of Behavioural Addiction, including Personality Traits. Genes, 15(3), 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15030299

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