Identification of a Novel Frameshift Variant in MYF5 Leading to External Ophthalmoplegia with Rib and Vertebral Anomalies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Case Description
3. Genetic Testing
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Condition | CFEOM | EORVA |
Pathophysiology | Cranial innervation disorder | Muscle disorder |
Ocular features | Non-progressive ophthalmoplegia +/− ptosis | Non-progressive ophthalmoplegia +/− ptosis |
Extra-ocular features | Neurodevelopmental anomalies Brain anomalies Limb anomalies | Rib defects Vertebral defects Scoliosis Torticollis |
Inheritance | Autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant | Autosomal recessive |
Causative genes | COL25A1; KIF21A2; PHOX2A; TUBA1A; TUBB2B; TUBB3 | MYF5 |
ID | Age at Presentation | Age at Last Exam | BC-RVA | BC-LVA | Refractive Error | Strabismus | Torticollis | Ocular Motility | Ptosis | Anterior Segment | Posterior Segment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pt IV-1 | 6M | 8Y | 0.00 | 0.30 | R: +1.00/−0.50 × 180 L: +1.75/−1.75 × 180 | Constant LXT | Chin elevation | B/L marked r/o elevation B/L small r/o depression R minimal r/o abduction R moderate r/o adduction L minimal r/o adduction L small r/o abduction | Mild B/L | Normal | Normal |
Pt IV-2 | 23M | 7Y | 0.00 | 0.08 | R: +1.50DS L: +0.75DS | Constant R/AXT | Nil | B/L moderate r/o elevation B/L minimal r/o adduction | Mild B/L | Normal | Normal |
Pt IV-3 | 4M | 4Y | 0.24 | 0.24 | R: −1.50DS L: −0.50/−1.00 × 170 | Intermittent Distance LXT | Nil | B/L mild r/o elevation B/L slight r/o depression B/L full abduction and adduction | MildR | Normal | Normal |
Pt IV-1 | Pt IV-2 | Pt IV-3 | |||||||||
Reference | Homozygous MYF5 Variant | MYF5 Protein | Patient ID | External Ophthalmoplegia | Ptosis | Strabismus | Scoliosis | Torticollis | Ribs Anomalies | Vertebral Anomalies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[20] | c.23_32del | p.Gln8Leufs*86 | I-1 | ✔ | ✔ R>L | XT++, HoT R+ | Cervical scoliosis | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
I-2 | ✔ | ✔ R>L | XT++ | ND | ✔ | ✔ | ND | |||
I-3 | ✔—EOMs hypoplastic to absent | ✔ R>L | HoT++ | Cervical and thoracic scoliosis | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||
[23] | c.191delC | p.Ala64Valfs*33 | II-1 | ND | ✔ | ND | ✔ | ND | ✔ | ✘ |
[20,24] | c.283C>T | p.Arg95Cys | III-1 | ✔ | ✔ L | XT+++ HoT L+ | ND | possibly | ND | ND |
III-2 | ✔ | ✘ | XT+ | Lumbar scoliosis | ND | ND | ND | |||
This study | c.596dup | p.Asn199Lysfs*49 | IV-1 | ✔—EOMs L hypoplastic comparing to R | ✔ | XT L+ | Thoracic scoliosis | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
IV-2 | ✔ | ✔ | XT R+,HT R + | Thoracic and lumbar scoliosis | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | |||
IV-3 | ✔ | ✔ R | XT L+ HT L+ | Lumbar scoliosis | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Genotype Mice Model | Rib Cage Defects | Vertebrae Defects |
---|---|---|
Mrf4−/− [34] | Ribs not attached to the sternum Truncation of ribs Bifurcation and fusion of adjacent ribs Irregular sternum ossification | ND |
Mrf4−/+Myf5−/+ [17] | Ribs not attached to the sternum Truncation of ribs: shorter vs wt/Mrf4-/-; longer vs. Myf5-/- Bifurcation and fusion of adjacent ribs Irregular sternum ossification | ND |
Myf5−/− [15] | Absence of the distant parts of the ribs Complete ossification of the sternum Lethal immediately postnatally (inability to breath) | ND |
Pdgfra−/− [29] | Ribs mostly attached to the sternum Bifurcation and fusion of adjacent ribs Irregular and shorter sternum | Structural anomalies of cervical and thoracic vertebrae Spina bifida Anomalies of spinal column curvature |
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Ocieczek, P.; Oluonye, N.; Méjécase, C.; Schiff, E.; Tailor, V.; Moosajee, M. Identification of a Novel Frameshift Variant in MYF5 Leading to External Ophthalmoplegia with Rib and Vertebral Anomalies. Genes 2024, 15, 699. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15060699
Ocieczek P, Oluonye N, Méjécase C, Schiff E, Tailor V, Moosajee M. Identification of a Novel Frameshift Variant in MYF5 Leading to External Ophthalmoplegia with Rib and Vertebral Anomalies. Genes. 2024; 15(6):699. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15060699
Chicago/Turabian StyleOcieczek, Paulina, Ngozi Oluonye, Cécile Méjécase, Elena Schiff, Vijay Tailor, and Mariya Moosajee. 2024. "Identification of a Novel Frameshift Variant in MYF5 Leading to External Ophthalmoplegia with Rib and Vertebral Anomalies" Genes 15, no. 6: 699. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15060699