Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of the Genes of the ATL Family in Maize during High-Temperature Stress in Maize
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Growth Conditions
2.2. Plasmid Construction and Plant Transformation
2.3. Identification of ZmATL Genes in Maize
2.4. Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of Maize ATL Family Proteins
2.5. Analysis of Gene Structure and Promoter Conserved Motifs
2.6. High-Temperature, Drought-Stress, Salt-Stress Treatment
2.7. RNA Extraction and qRT-PCR Analysis
2.8. Abiotic Stress Responses in the ZmATL Family
2.9. Biological Stress Responses in the ZmATL Family
2.10. Tissue Expression Analysis of ZmATL Family Gene
2.11. Quantitation of Hydrogen Peroxide Radical
3. Results
3.1. Genome-Wide Identification of ZmATL Family Genes in Maize
3.2. Positioning Analysis of ZmATL Family Members
3.3. Motif Composition and Gene Structure of ZmATL Genes
3.4. ZmATLs Underwent Selection during Maize Domestication and Improvement
3.5. Expression Patterns of the ZmATL Gene Family in Various Sugarcane Tissues
3.6. cis-Element Analysis of the ZmATL Genes in Maize
3.7. Abiotic and Biotic Stress Analysis of ZmATL Genes Family Members
3.8. Functional Study of ZmATL10 and AtATL27 Resistance to High-Temperature Stress
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Gene ID | CDS (bp) | AA | MV (Da) | PI | GRAVY | Subcellular Localization |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZmATL1 | Zm00001eb004000 | 1701 | 302 | 31,455.85 | 8.03 | 0.092 | endosome |
ZmATL2 | Zm00001eb006670 | 1694 | 362 | 38,658.42 | 6.76 | −0.349 | membrane |
ZmATL3 | Zm00001eb022630 | 1279 | 230 | 23,747.31 | 6.76 | 0.425 | membrane |
ZmATL4 | Zm00001eb024440 | 1093 | 232 | 24,741.12 | 7.19 | −0.024 | membrane |
ZmATL5 | Zm00001eb030780 | 2202 | 398 | 42,205.35 | 10.74 | −0.125 | membrane |
ZmATL6 | Zm00001eb033500 | 1383 | 377 | 40,128.52 | 9.04 | −0.154 | endosome |
ZmATL7 | Zm00001eb038810 | 960 | 319 | 33,829.16 | 7.19 | −0.118 | membrane |
ZmATL8 | Zm00001eb039970 | 1226 | 239 | 24,284.78 | 4.81 | 0.458 | membrane |
ZmATL9 | Zm00001eb072750 | 1222 | 173 | 18,512.32 | 7.99 | −0.07 | membrane |
ZmATL10 | Zm00001eb081320 | 3022 | 419 | 43,467.62 | 6.73 | −0.388 | membrane |
ZmATL11 | Zm00001eb081330 | 2038 | 388 | 40,688.78 | 8.9 | −0.301 | membrane |
ZmATL12 | Zm00001eb081980 | 1442 | 289 | 29,534.54 | 8.71 | −0.025 | membrane |
ZmATL13 | Zm00001eb101180 | 1570 | 393 | 41,084.32 | 9.52 | −0.197 | membrane |
ZmATL14 | Zm00001eb101200 | 1739 | 357 | 38,217.32 | 5.9 | −0.154 | membrane |
ZmATL15 | Zm00001eb104970 | 1280 | 246 | 26,290.32 | 7.98 | 0.283 | endosome |
ZmATL16 | Zm00001eb109400 | 1182 | 252 | 25,968.3 | 6.06 | −0.129 | endosome |
ZmATL17 | Zm00001eb115110 | 1791 | 390 | 40,387.1 | 9.26 | −0.303 | membrane |
ZmATL18 | Zm00001eb120050 | 1395 | 348 | 36,805.09 | 10.36 | −0.052 | membrane |
ZmATL19 | Zm00001eb120060 | 1212 | 214 | 22,058.23 | 8.32 | 0.176 | membrane |
ZmATL20 | Zm00001eb120080 | 892 | 176 | 18,341.22 | 8.99 | 0.242 | endosome |
ZmATL21 | Zm00001eb130410 | 1169 | 254 | 26,296.79 | 6.31 | −0.07 | endosome |
ZmATL22 | Zm00001eb130430 | 963 | 151 | 15,987.74 | 6.49 | −0.187 | endosome |
ZmATL23 | Zm00001eb135320 | 2923 | 414 | 43,420.32 | 11 | −0.19 | membrane |
ZmATL24 | Zm00001eb140640 | 1405 | 283 | 30,593.24 | 5.69 | −0.417 | membrane |
ZmATL25 | Zm00001eb146800 | 675 | 224 | 23,323.6 | 8.72 | 0.013 | membrane |
ZmATL26 | Zm00001eb149500 | 1126 | 191 | 19,386.2 | 8.48 | 0.232 | endosome |
ZmATL27 | Zm00001eb152830 | 1149 | 241 | 24,828.17 | 8.14 | 0.005 | membrane |
ZmATL28 | Zm00001eb162790 | 1636 | 374 | 42,236 | 6.63 | 0.133 | membrane |
ZmATL29 | Zm00001eb180470 | 1207 | 279 | 29,126.6 | 4.99 | 0.466 | membrane |
ZmATL30 | Zm00001eb182770 | 1595 | 331 | 35,780.18 | 5.3 | −0.343 | membrane |
ZmATL31 | Zm00001eb187290 | 1326 | 220 | 23,625.18 | 5.39 | 0.092 | endosome |
ZmATL32 | Zm00001eb187620 | 945 | 186 | 19,311.48 | 8.61 | 0.206 | membrane |
ZmATL33 | Zm00001eb191210 | 1588 | 310 | 32,599.92 | 5.26 | −0.123 | endosome |
ZmATL34 | Zm00001eb193860 | 1610 | 415 | 45,209.22 | 9.49 | −0.324 | endosome |
ZmATL35 | Zm00001eb194620 | 1226 | 230 | 24,275.47 | 5.28 | 0.123 | membrane |
ZmATL36 | Zm00001eb202890 | 1938 | 267 | 27,958.04 | 5.58 | 0.316 | membrane |
ZmATL37 | Zm00001eb204430 | 441 | 146 | 15,227.8 | 8.78 | 0.589 | membrane |
ZmATL38 | Zm00001eb204450 | 666 | 221 | 23,063.7 | 6.86 | 0.295 | membrane |
ZmATL39 | Zm00001eb228180 | 1554 | 262 | 28,113.4 | 9.32 | 0.091 | endosome |
ZmATL40 | Zm00001eb238220 | 1058 | 210 | 21,367.65 | 6.5 | 0.276 | membrane |
ZmATL41 | Zm00001eb238400 | 776 | 152 | 15,603 | 8.03 | 0.363 | membrane |
ZmATL42 | Zm00001eb238420 | 645 | 182 | 19,124.97 | 8.29 | 0.151 | membrane |
ZmATL43 | Zm00001eb238430 | 579 | 192 | 19,995.74 | 6.87 | 0.114 | membrane |
ZmATL44 | Zm00001eb238440 | 652 | 201 | 20,704.2 | 6.63 | 0.532 | membrane |
ZmATL45 | Zm00001eb243170 | 1019 | 226 | 23,412.03 | 8.97 | 0.13 | membrane |
ZmATL46 | Zm00001eb243960 | 1083 | 297 | 30,661.64 | 6.21 | −0.041 | membrane |
ZmATL47 | Zm00001eb244640 | 1630 | 347 | 36,916.78 | 5.85 | −0.103 | membrane |
ZmATL48 | Zm00001eb250960 | 894 | 185 | 19,146.14 | 8.45 | 0.189 | membrane |
ZmATL49 | Zm00001eb254430 | 1586 | 353 | 38,628.32 | 10.24 | −0.197 | membrane |
ZmATL50 | Zm00001eb255510 | 2791 | 419 | 44,824.49 | 9.33 | −0.289 | endosome |
ZmATL51 | Zm00001eb279270 | 2018 | 421 | 45,215.67 | 5.73 | −0.438 | endosome |
ZmATL52 | Zm00001eb279770 | 1127 | 218 | 23,139.15 | 5.03 | 0.04 | endosome |
ZmATL53 | Zm00001eb282260 | 869 | 182 | 19,018.83 | 5.07 | 0.324 | endosome |
ZmATL54 | Zm00001eb285770 | 1322 | 198 | 20,760.37 | 6.29 | −0.045 | membrane |
ZmATL55 | Zm00001eb285790 | 1402 | 198 | 20,760.37 | 6.29 | −0.073 | membrane |
ZmATL56 | Zm00001eb290630 | 1701 | 206 | 20,530.3 | 6.12 | 0.211 | membrane |
ZmATL57 | Zm00001eb315600 | 1565 | 404 | 42,765.13 | 9.01 | −0.298 | endosome |
ZmATL58 | Zm00001eb315620 | 1665 | 361 | 38,460.51 | 5.91 | −0.174 | membrane |
ZmATL59 | Zm00001eb319810 | 1206 | 191 | 19,657.09 | 5.09 | −0.122 | membrane |
ZmATL60 | Zm00001eb321320 | 1274 | 246 | 26,371.41 | 8.26 | 0.274 | endosome |
ZmATL61 | Zm00001eb327570 | 858 | 271 | 28,116.63 | 4.98 | −0.176 | membrane |
ZmATL62 | Zm00001eb340160 | 970 | 251 | 25,820.13 | 6.07 | −0.123 | membrane |
ZmATL63 | Zm00001eb346450 | 1091 | 202 | 21,313.86 | 6.74 | −0.199 | membrane |
ZmATL64 | Zm00001eb346460 | 603 | 200 | 21,186.75 | 4.88 | −0.009 | endosome |
ZmATL65 | Zm00001eb366740 | 993 | 219 | 22,852.13 | 7.59 | 0.113 | endosome |
ZmATL66 | Zm00001eb370730 | 1154 | 237 | 24,601.94 | 8.16 | 0.004 | endosome |
ZmATL67 | Zm00001eb374170 | 1525 | 331 | 34,576.53 | 8.95 | −0.045 | membrane |
ZmATL68 | Zm00001eb379190 | 1152 | 154 | 16,678.46 | 8.46 | −0.001 | endosome |
ZmATL69 | Zm00001eb383450 | 797 | 224 | 23,890.18 | 8.51 | 0.391 | endosome |
ZmATL70 | Zm00001eb383460 | 1227 | 216 | 22,714.36 | 6.35 | 0.317 | membrane |
ZmATL71 | Zm00001eb383470 | 725 | 174 | 18,105.23 | 8.14 | 0.591 | endosome |
ZmATL72 | Zm00001eb395020 | 924 | 166 | 17,299.07 | 7.54 | 0.446 | membrane |
ZmATL73 | Zm00001eb401490 | 1696 | 380 | 40,216.01 | 6.16 | −0.318 | membrane |
ZmATL74 | Zm00001eb406080 | 1084 | 207 | 21,246.06 | 4.85 | 0.173 | membrane |
ZmATL75 | Zm00001eb406570 | 3407 | 279 | 29,411.12 | 7 | −0.314 | endosome |
ZmATL76 | Zm00001eb428110 | 1070 | 200 | 20,678.66 | 8.49 | −0.003 | membrane |
ZmATL77 | Zm00001eb428450 | 1034 | 187 | 20,404.67 | 5.57 | 0.119 | endosome |
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Ding, H.; Li, X.; Zhuge, S.; Du, J.; Wu, M.; Li, W.; Li, Y.; Ma, H.; Zhang, P.; Wang, X.; et al. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of the Genes of the ATL Family in Maize during High-Temperature Stress in Maize. Genes 2024, 15, 1106. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15081106
Ding H, Li X, Zhuge S, Du J, Wu M, Li W, Li Y, Ma H, Zhang P, Wang X, et al. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of the Genes of the ATL Family in Maize during High-Temperature Stress in Maize. Genes. 2024; 15(8):1106. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15081106
Chicago/Turabian StyleDing, Haiping, Xiaohu Li, Shilin Zhuge, Jiyuan Du, Min Wu, Wenlong Li, Yujing Li, Haoran Ma, Peng Zhang, Xingyu Wang, and et al. 2024. "Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of the Genes of the ATL Family in Maize during High-Temperature Stress in Maize" Genes 15, no. 8: 1106. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15081106