The Impact of the G6PD Gene Mutations in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals: A Multicenter Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Local Laboratory NR | |
---|---|---|
Age, years | 58 (48–68) | - |
Gender, n (M, F) | 26 (68), 12 (32) | - |
HCV genotype, n (1a, 1b, 2, 3) | 4 (11), 11 (29), 15 (39), 8 (21) | - |
HCV-RNA, ×103 IU/mL | 1818 (972–2554) | negative |
Liver elastography, KPa | 7.4 (4.8–10.3) | ≤5.0 |
Hepatic cirrhosis, n | 8 (21) | - |
MELD, score | 8 (6–10) | ≤6.0 |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 145 (127–151) | 115–157 |
Reticulocytes, % | 1.20 (1.00–1.40) | 0.50–2.17 |
G6PD activity (37 °C), IU/gHb | 1.38 (0.30–1.84) | - |
Males, IU/gHb | 1.32 (0.80–1.94) | ≥9.52 |
Females, IU/gHb | 1.37 (0.62–1.82) | ≥10.22 |
G6PD activity (37 °C), % | 13.86 (8.40–17.99) | 100 |
Males, % | 12.95 (7.51–20.37) | 100 |
Females, % | 13.44 (6.06–17.60) | 100 |
AST, IU/L | 36 (32–53) | 0–40 |
ALT, IU/L | 47 (24–81) | 0–40 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.20 (0.95–2.10) | 0.30–1.20 |
Indirect bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.82 (0.45–1.60) | 0.30–0.95 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.77 (0.63–0.85) | 0.60–1.10 |
INR, Units | 1.02 (0.97–1.02) | 0.80–1.20 |
Previously treated with standard IFN + RBV, n | 3 (8) | - |
Previously treated with PEG-IFN + RBV, n | 8 (21) | - |
Administered DAA regimens, n | 40 (100) | - |
LDV/SOF, n 1 | 7 (18) | - |
OMB/PAR/RIT + DAS | 4 (10) | - |
GRZ/ELB | 1 (3) | - |
SOF/DCL | 2 (5) | - |
SOF/VEL | 13 (32) | - |
GLE/PIB | 11 (27) | - |
SOF/VEL/VOX 2 | 2 (5) | - |
Therapy duration, weeks | 12 (12–12) | - |
Post-treatment virological outcome 3 | ||
SVR, n | 37 (97) | - |
Relapse, n | 1 (3) | - |
Molecule | NS Protein Target | Daily Dosage (mg) | DAA Treatment—Recommended Combination Regimens | Tested in This Study 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
First-generation DAA | ||||
Protease inhibitors | ||||
BOC | NS3 | 2400 | PEG-IFN + RBV + BOC | ✔ 2 |
TEL | NS3/4A | 2250 | PEG-IFN + RBV + TEL | ✔ 2 |
Second-generation DAA | ||||
NS5A polymerase inhibitors | ||||
LDV | NS5A | 90 | LDV/SOF ± RBV | ✔ |
DCL | NS5A | 60 | DCL + SOF ± RBV | ✔ |
OMB | NS5A | 25 | OMB/PAR/RIT + DAS ± RBV | ✔ |
NS5B polymerase inhibitors | ||||
DAS | NS5B | 500 | OMB/PAR/RIT + DAS ± RBV | ✔ |
SOF | NS5B | 400 | PEG-IFN + RBV + SOF 3 SOF + RBV 3 | |
Protease Inhibitors | ||||
PAR | NS3/4A | 150 | OMB/PAR/RIT + DAS ± RBV | ✔ |
SIM | NS3/4A | 150 | PEG-IFN + RBV + SIM SOF + SIM ± RBV | |
BMS-650032 4 | NS3 | 200 | BMS-650032 + DCL PEG-IFN + RBV + BMS-650032 + DCL | |
Third-generation DAA | ||||
NS5A polymerase inhibitors | ||||
VEL | NS5A | 100 | SOF/VEL ± RBV SOF/VEL/VOX | ✔ ✔ |
PIB | NS5A | 120 | GLE/PIB | ✔ |
ELB | NS5A | 50 | EBR/GZR ± RBV | ✔ |
Protease Inhibitors | ||||
GRZ | NS3/4A | 100 | EBR/GZR ± RBV | ✔ |
VOX | NS3/4A | 100 | SOF/VEL/VOX | ✔ |
GLE | NS3/4A | 300 | GLE/PIB | ✔ |
TW4 | TW8 1 | TW12 2 | ET | FUP4 | FUP12 | FUP24 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hemoglobin, g/L | 141 (124–152) | 143 (127–151) | 140 (122–152) | 146 (128–154) | 143 (127–151) | 141 (126–152) | 140 (127–150) |
Reticulocyte, % | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.0 (1.0–1.5) | 1.2 (1.1–1.5) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.0 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
Indirect bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.85 (0.49–1.65) | 0.90 (0.45–1.61) | 0.92 (0.51–1.62) | 0.89 (0.49–1.62) | 0.87 (0.47–1.59) | 0.84 (0.45–1.60) | 0.86 (0.44–1.63) |
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Smirne, C.; Crobu, M.G.; Gerevini, C.; Berton, A.M.; Rapetti, R.; Pasini, B.; Ravanini, P.; Pirisi, M. The Impact of the G6PD Gene Mutations in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals: A Multicenter Observational Study. Genes 2024, 15, 1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091116
Smirne C, Crobu MG, Gerevini C, Berton AM, Rapetti R, Pasini B, Ravanini P, Pirisi M. The Impact of the G6PD Gene Mutations in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals: A Multicenter Observational Study. Genes. 2024; 15(9):1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091116
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmirne, Carlo, Maria Grazia Crobu, Chiara Gerevini, Alessandro Maria Berton, Rachele Rapetti, Barbara Pasini, Paolo Ravanini, and Mario Pirisi. 2024. "The Impact of the G6PD Gene Mutations in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals: A Multicenter Observational Study" Genes 15, no. 9: 1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091116