Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Associations between Obesity-Related Parameters and Physical Activity: A Scoping Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overview
2.2. Participants
- -
- 3 weeks (9 training units), 60 min each, at 50–60% of HRmax, tempo 135–140 BPM;
- -
- 3 weeks (9 training units), 60 min each, at 60–70% of HRmax, tempo 140–152 BPM;
- -
- 3 weeks (9 training units), 60 min each, at 65–75% of HRmax, tempo 145–158 BPM;
- -
- 3 weeks (9 training units), 60 min each, at 65–80% of HRmax, tempo 145–160 BPM.
2.3. Total Genetic Score
2.4. Biofilter
2.5. Statistical Analysis of SNP Pairs and Interaction Testing
3. Results
3.1. Total Genetic Score
- TGS ≥ 80—includes four of the most preferable genotypes for training-induced body changes
- TGS of 60–79—includes 21 ‘preferable’ genotypes for training-induced body changes
- TGS of 40–59—includes 30 ‘intermediate’ genotypes for training-induced body changes
- TGS of 20–39—includes 22 ‘unpreferable’ genotypes for training-induced body changes
- TGS < 20—includes five of the most ‘non-preferable’ genotypes for training-induced body changes
Gene | SNP | Genotype | BMI | FM | FFM | TBW | TC | TGL | LDL | HDL | BG | Total GS | TGS | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∆BMI | GSBMI | ∆FM | GSFM | ∆FFM | GSFFM | ∆TBW | GSTBW | ∆TC | GSTC | ∆TGL | GSTGL | ∆LDL | GSLDL | ∆HDL | GSHDL | ∆BG | GSBG | |||||
ACE [24] | rs1799752 | II | −0.4 | 2 | −0.9 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | −0.2 | 1 | 1.8 | 2 | 1 | 0 | −1 | 2 | −5 | 2 | 9 | 50 |
ID | −0.1 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.4 | 2 | −1.7 | 2 | 2.8 | 1 | 2.4 | 1 | −4.5 | 1 | −1.6 | 1 | 10 | 56 | ||
DD | −0.2 | 1 | −1.2 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.4 | 2 | 1.1 | 0 | 6.5 | 0 | 4.7 | 2 | −4.9 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 | 9 | 50 | ||
ADIPOQ [18] | rs266729 | CC | −0.23 | 2 | −0.91 | 2 | 0.4 | 2 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.16 | 1 | 6.65 | 1 | 4.93 | 1 | −4.3 | 0 | −2.74 | 2 | 12 | 67 |
GC | −0.2 | 1 | −0.83 | 1 | 0.25 | 0 | 0.24 | 2 | −5.65 | 2 | −4.78 | 2 | −2.23 | 2 | −2.95 | 2 | −1.73 | 0 | 12 | 67 | ||
GG | −0.05 | 0 | −0.24 | 0 | 0.32 | 1 | −0.17 | 0 | 3.24 | 0 | 9.84 | 0 | 36.1 | 0 | −4.07 | 1 | −2.08 | 1 | 3 | 17 | ||
rs1501299 | GG | −0.14 | 0 | −0.46 | 0 | 0.18 | 0 | 0.04 | 1 | 1.26 | 0 | 6.56 | 1 | 12.61 | 0 | −3.85 | 2 | −2.97 | 2 | 6 | 33 | |
TG | −0.26 | 2 | −1.04 | 1 | 0.42 | 1 | 0.39 | 2 | −4.15 | 2 | −1.58 | 2 | 2.11 | 1 | −5.36 | 0 | −2.08 | 1 | 12 | 67 | ||
TT | −0.2 | 1 | −1.32 | 2 | 0.69 | 2 | −0.78 | 0 | −4 | 1 | 7.16 | 0 | −5.14 | 2 | −3.86 | 1 | −0.1 | 0 | 9 | 50 | ||
ADRB2 [25] | rs1042713 | GG | −0.12 | 0 | −0.92 | 0 | 0.39 | 0 | 0.46 | 2 | −0.59 | 1 | 4.79 | 1 | 2.67 | 1 | −3.56 | 2 | −2.96 | 1 | 8 | 44 |
AG | −0.31 | 1 | −1.61 | 1 | 0.43 | 1 | −0.25 | 0 | −2.12 | 2 | 0.51 | 2 | 2.44 | 2 | −4.75 | 0 | −3.36 | 2 | 11 | 61 | ||
AA | −0.32 | 2 | −2.07 | 2 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.05 | 0 | 11.09 | 0 | 40.65 | 0 | −3.8 | 1 | −0.73 | 0 | 8 | 44 | ||
rs1042714 | GG | −0.14 | 0 | −1.07 | 0 | 0.45 | 2 | 0.32 | 2 | −2.71 | 1 | −2.21 | 2 | 2.04 | 2 | −3.57 | 1 | −2.47 | 2 | 12 | 67 | |
CG | −0.23 | 1 | −1.28 | 1 | 0.42 | 0 | −0.05 | 0 | 2.34 | 0 | 8.17 | 0 | 5.29 | 1 | −4.99 | 0 | −2.41 | 1 | 4 | 22 | ||
CC | −0.3 | 2 | −1.69 | 2 | 0.44 | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | −4.61 | 2 | 2.45 | 1 | 15.13 | 0 | −3.28 | 2 | −2.35 | 0 | 11 | 61 | ||
ADRB3 [25] | rs4994 | TT | 0.5 | 0 | −1.38 | 2 | −0.47 | 0 | 0.15 | 0 | −0.33 | 0 | 4.49 | 0 | 9.56 | 0 | −4.81 | 0 | −2.36 | 1 | 3 | 17 |
CT | −0.29 | 2 | −1.36 | 1 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.18 | 1 | −3.54 | 1 | 0.67 | 1 | −2.66 | 2 | −0.62 | 1 | −2.04 | 0 | 10 | 56 | ||
CC | 0.03 | 1 | −0.84 | 0 | 0.57 | 2 | 0.37 | 2 | −3.67 | 2 | 0.66 | 2 | 6.5 | 1 | 0.73 | 2 | −7.33 | 2 | 14 | 78 | ||
ADRA2A [25] | rs553668 | GG | −0.24 | 1 | −1.21 | 0 | 0.36 | 0 | 0.22 | 1 | −1.58 | 1 | 4.56 | 0 | 9.37 | 0 | −4.82 | 0 | −2.33 | 0 | 3 | 17 |
AG | −0.18 | 0 | −1.86 | 1 | 0.65 | 1 | −0.08 | 0 | 0.95 | 0 | 3.3 | 1 | 2.75 | 1 | −1.78 | 2 | −2.41 | 1 | 7 | 39 | ||
AA | −0.45 | 2 | −1.9 | 2 | 0.9 | 2 | 0.75 | 2 | −12 | 2 | −24.5 | 2 | −3.9 | 2 | −1.9 | 1 | −7 | 2 | 17 | 94 | ||
AMPD1 [26] | rs17602729 | CC | −0.2 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | −4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | −1 | 0 | −3 | 2 | −3 | 2 | 6 | 33 |
TT + CT | −0.3 | 2 | −1 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | −5 | 2 | −5 | 0 | −2 | 0 | 12 | 67 | ||
DRD2 [27] | rs1076560 | AA | −0.57 | 2 | −1.9 | 2 | 0.85 | 2 | 0.79 | 2 | −5.5 | 2 | −8.17 | 2 | 2.48 | 1 | −6.21 | 0 | −8.84 | 2 | 15 | 83 |
CA | −0.18 | 0 | −0.89 | 0 | 0.28 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | −1.08 | 0 | 10.3 | 0 | 2.81 | 0 | −5.89 | 1 | −3.79 | 1 | 2 | 11 | ||
CC | −0.23 | 1 | −0.91 | 1 | 0.47 | 1 | 0.44 | 1 | −1.77 | 1 | 0.79 | 1 | 1.3 | 2 | −3.14 | 2 | −1.88 | 0 | 10 | 56 | ||
rs12364283 | AA | −0.22 | 1 | −0.98 | 2 | 0.46 | 2 | 0.36 | 2 | −0.75 | 0 | 3.92 | 1 | 2.49 | 0 | −3.96 | 2 | −2.73 | 1 | 11 | 61 | |
GA | −0.29 | 2 | −0.76 | 1 | 0.23 | 1 | 0.18 | 1 | −8.25 | 1 | −2.94 | 2 | −2.86 | 1 | −4.6 | 1 | −1.88 | 0 | 10 | 56 | ||
GG | −0.1 | 0 | 0.25 | 0 | −0.6 | 0 | −0.45 | 0 | −19 | 2 | 7 | 0 | −12.2 | 2 | −7.7 | 0 | −7 | 2 | 6 | 33 | ||
rs1799732 | C– | −0.26 | 2 | −0.94 | 0 | 0.26 | 0 | 0.27 | 0 | −4.79 | 2 | −5.37 | 2 | −0.8 | 2 | −2.83 | 2 | −4.84 | 2 | 12 | 67 | |
CC | −0.22 | 0 | −0.95 | 2 | 0.49 | 2 | 0.36 | 2 | −0.78 | 0 | 5.88 | 0 | 2.57 | 0 | −4.44 | 0 | −2.06 | 0 | 6 | 33 | ||
rs1800497 | CC | −0.21 | 0 | −0.83 | 0 | 0.46 | 1 | 0.45 | 1 | −1.74 | 1 | 0.99 | 1 | 1.4 | 2 | −3.26 | 2 | −1.71 | 0 | 8 | 44 | |
CT | −0.24 | 1 | −1.1 | 1 | 0.36 | 0 | 0.12 | 0 | −1.1 | 0 | 8.53 | 0 | 2.43 | 1 | −5.16 | 1 | −3.95 | 1 | 5 | 28 | ||
TT | −0.54 | 2 | −1.4 | 2 | 0.58 | 2 | 0.62 | 2 | −7.6 | 2 | −9 | 2 | 2.6 | 0 | −8.24 | 0 | −9 | 2 | 14 | 78 | ||
rs1800498 | CC | −0.21 | 0 | −0.88 | 1 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.38 | 0 | 7.58 | 0 | 1.04 | 2 | −2.05 | 2 | −5.35 | 2 | 11 | 61 | |
TC | −0.22 | 1 | −1.03 | 2 | 0.43 | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | −3.75 | 2 | −0.55 | 2 | 1.79 | 1 | −5.35 | 0 | −2.99 | 1 | 10 | 56 | ||
TT | −0.24 | 2 | −0.49 | 0 | 0.21 | 0 | 0.38 | 1 | −0.02 | 1 | 6.19 | 1 | 2.27 | 0 | −3.46 | 1 | −0.59 | 0 | 6 | 33 | ||
FABP2 [28] | rs1799883 | GG | −0.2 | 0 | −1.1 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | −4 | 2 | 1.5 | 2 | 0.3 | 2 | −4.5 | 0 | −3.2 | 2 | 14 | 78 |
GA+AA | −0.3 | 2 | −0.9 | 0 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5.1 | 0 | 4.1 | 0 | −3.3 | 2 | −2.1 | 0 | 5 | 28 | ||
FTO [20] | rs9939609 | TT | −0.3 | 2 | −1 | 2 | 0.45 | 2 | 0.1 | 0 | −0.3 | 0 | 3.9 | 0 | 4 | 0 | −3.8 | 0 | −2.6 | 2 | 8 | 44 |
AA+AT | −0.2 | 0 | −0.9 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.5 | 2 | −2.3 | 2 | 2.8 | 2 | 1.1 | 2 | −3.6 | 2 | −2.2 | 0 | 10 | 56 | ||
IL1A [29] | rs1800587 | TT | −0.3 | 2 | −1.1 | 2 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | −3 | 2 | −3 | 1 | 13 | 72 |
CT | −0.2 | 0 | −0.7 | 0 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | −2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | −4 | 1 | −2 | 0 | 8 | 44 | ||
CC | −0.25 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | −0.4 | 0 | −10 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 7 | 0 | −7 | 0 | −6 | 2 | 6 | 33 | ||
IL6 [29] | rs1800795 | GG | −0.3 | 2 | −0.8 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | −2 | 2 | −1.3 | 2 | 2.3 | 0 | −4 | 1 | −2.2 | 0 | 7 | 39 |
CG | −0.2 | 1 | −1.1 | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | −1 | 0 | 6.8 | 0 | 2.3 | 0 | −5 | 0 | −2.9 | 2 | 6 | 33 | ||
CC | −0.1 | 0 | −0.9 | 1 | 0.8 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | −1 | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | −0.1 | 2 | −1.6 | 2 | −2.7 | 1 | 11 | 61 | ||
rs1800796 | GG | −0.3 | 2 | −1 | 2 | 0.45 | 2 | 0.4 | 0 | −2 | 2 | 3.4 | 2 | 0.8 | 2 | −3.8 | 2 | −2.4 | 0 | 14 | 78 | |
CC+CG | −0.2 | 0 | −0.8 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.45 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3.8 | 0 | 7.2 | 0 | −5.2 | 0 | −3.7 | 2 | 4 | 22 | ||
rs1800797 | GG | −0.2 | 1 | −0.7 | 0 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | −1 | 1 | −0.4 | 2 | 3.9 | 0 | −4.5 | 1 | −2.5 | 1 | 7 | 39 | |
AG | −0.3 | 2 | −1.1 | 2 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | −3 | 2 | 6.2 | 0 | 0.6 | 2 | −4.8 | 0 | −3.2 | 2 | 10 | 56 | ||
AA | 0 | 0 | −0.8 | 1 | 0.8 | 2 | 0.6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | −1.4 | 2 | −1.7 | 0 | 9 | 50 | ||
IL15 [19] | rs1589241 | AA | −0.2 | 1 | −0.9 | 0 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.4 | 2 | 4.5 | 0 | −3.4 | 2 | − | − | 7 | 44 |
AT | −0.25 | 2 | −1 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | −3 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | −0.5 | 2 | −4.6 | 1 | − | − | 8 | 50 | ||
TT | −0.1 | 0 | −1.2 | 2 | 1.1 | 2 | 0.8 | 2 | −4 | 2 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.7 | 1 | −6.3 | 0 | − | − | 9 | 56 | ||
rs1057972 | TT | −0.2 | 0 | −0.6 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0.1 | 2 | 6.3 | 0 | −3.3 | 2 | − | − | 4 | 25 | |
AT | −0.25 | 1 | −0.9 | 1 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.3 | 0 | −3 | 2 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.1 | 2 | −4.9 | 0 | − | − | 9 | 56 | ||
AA | −0.3 | 2 | −1.4 | 2 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1.2 | 1 | −3.5 | 1 | − | − | 11 | 69 | ||
LEP [30] | rs2167270 | GG | −0.3 | 2 | −1.2 | 2 | 0.45 | 2 | 0.4 | 1 | −3 | 2 | 0.3 | 2 | −0.1 | 2 | −2.8 | 1 | −1.1 | 1 | 15 | 83 |
AG | −0.2 | 0 | −0.8 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | −3 | 2 | 4.9 | 1 | 1.9 | 1 | −5.5 | 0 | −5.3 | 2 | 6 | 33 | ||
AA | −0.2 | 0 | −1.1 | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 6.2 | 0 | 5.8 | 0 | −2.6 | 2 | 0.6 | 0 | 5 | 28 | ||
LEPR [30] | rs1137101 | AA | −0.25 | 1 | −1.2 | 2 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.6 | 2 | −6 | 2 | 1.5 | 2 | −3.1 | 2 | −3 | 2 | −3 | 2 | 17 | 94 |
AG | −0.2 | 0 | −0.8 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4.7 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | −3.8 | 1 | −2.6 | 1 | 3 | 17 | ||
GG | −0.3 | 2 | −1 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −2 | 1 | 2.4 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | −5.4 | 0 | −2.1 | 0 | 6 | 33 | ||
MC4R [31] | rs17782313 | TT | −0.2 | 0 | −0.95 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.3 | 2 | −2 | 2 | 3.3 | 2 | 1.2 | 2 | −3.8 | 2 | −2.01 | 0 | 10 | 56 |
CC+CT | −0.3 | 2 | −1.25 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | −0.1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8.6 | 0 | 15.7 | 0 | −5.1 | 0 | −3 | 2 | 8 | 44 | ||
PPARA [32] | rs4253778 | GG | −0.23 | 1 | −0.88 | 0 | 0.41 | 0 | 0.24 | 0 | −1.95 | 2 | 3.37 | 1 | 0.37 | 2 | −2.88 | 2 | −2.39 | 1 | 9 | 50 |
GC | −0.24 | 2 | −1.08 | 1 | 0.46 | 1 | 0.48 | 1 | −1.77 | 1 | 5.4 | 0 | 3.06 | 1 | −5.89 | 1 | −4.28 | 2 | 10 | 56 | ||
CC | −0.22 | 0 | −1.22 | 2 | 0.55 | 2 | 0.7 | 2 | 7.67 | 0 | −12 | 2 | 16.31 | 0 | −6.52 | 0 | 7.67 | 0 | 8 | 44 | ||
rs18000206 | CC | −0.21 | 0 | −0.88 | 0 | 0.43 | 0 | 0.34 | 2 | −1.63 | 2 | 4.26 | 0 | 0.95 | 2 | −3.34 | 2 | −3.09 | 2 | 10 | 56 | |
CG | −0.45 | 2 | −1.65 | 2 | 0.45 | 2 | 0.32 | 0 | −0.71 | 0 | −5.43 | 2 | 11 | 0 | −10.79 | 0 | 2.35 | 0 | 8 | 44 | ||
PPARD [33] | rs2267668 | AA | −0.25 | 2 | −1.39 | 1 | 0.33 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.88 | 0 | 7.74 | 0 | 3.54 | 1 | −4.05 | 1 | −2.54 | 1 | 6 | 33 |
AG | 0.2 | 1 | −1.66 | 2 | 0.56 | 1 | 0.49 | 1 | −5.86 | 1 | −12.9 | 2 | 29.24 | 0 | −3.22 | 2 | −0.04 | 0 | 10 | 56 | ||
GG | 0.27 | 0 | 0.53 | 0 | 1.93 | 2 | 1.47 | 2 | −19.66 | 2 | 6.17 | 1 | −11.42 | 2 | −9.65 | 0 | −10.33 | 2 | 11 | 61 | ||
rs2016520 | TT | −0.25 | 2 | −1.4 | 1 | 0.34 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.77 | 0 | 8.11 | 0 | 3.75 | 1 | −4.43 | 1 | −2.68 | 1 | 6 | 33 | |
TC | 0.2 | 1 | −1.65 | 2 | 0.58 | 1 | 0.48 | 1 | −4.6 | 1 | −12.69 | 2 | 67.08 | 0 | −1.8 | 2 | 0.28 | 0 | 10 | 56 | ||
CC | 0.22 | 0 | 0.61 | 0 | 1.54 | 2 | 1.19 | 2 | −18.72 | 2 | 4.72 | 1 | −10.22 | 2 | −8.85 | 0 | −8.86 | 2 | 11 | 61 | ||
rs1053049 | TT | −0.22 | 2 | −12.35 | 2 | 0.38 | 1 | −0.05 | 0 | −0.12 | 0 | 8.66 | 0 | 3.19 | 1 | −4.6 | 1 | −2.77 | 1 | 8 | 44 | |
TC | 0.01 | 1 | −1.71 | 1 | −1.96 | 0 | 0.57 | 1 | −1.68 | 1 | −7.11 | 1 | 21.09 | 0 | −2.22 | 2 | −1.02 | 0 | 7 | 39 | ||
CC | 0.16 | 0 | 1.3 | 0 | 1.56 | 2 | 1.22 | 2 | −19.4 | 2 | −8 | 2 | −6.52 | 2 | −9.24 | 0 | −5.2 | 2 | 12 | 67 | ||
TNF-α [34] | rs1800629 | GG | −0.21 | 0 | −0.94 | 0 | 0.51 | 2 | 0.31 | 0 | −1.62 | 2 | 1.26 | 2 | 3.82 | 0 | −5.63 | 0 | −1.98 | 0 | 6 | 33 |
AA+AG | −0.27 | 2 | −0.96 | 2 | 0.26 | 0 | 0.4 | 2 | −1.4 | 0 | 8.11 | 0 | −2.52 | 2 | 0.43 | 2 | −4 | 2 | 12 | 67 |
3.2. Biofilter
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene × Gene | SNP 1 × SNP 2 | Score | |
---|---|---|---|
Source | Group | ||
LEP × LEPR | rs2167270 × rs1137101 | 3 | 13 |
ADRB2 × ADRB3 | rs1042713 × rs4994 | 3 | 16 |
rs1042714 × rs4994 | 3 | 16 | |
ADRA2A × ADRB3 | rs553668 × rs4994 | 3 | 10 |
ADRA2A × ADRB2 | rs553668 × rs1042713 | 3 | 10 |
rs553668 × rs1042714 | 3 | 10 | |
ADRA2A × DRD2 | rs553668 × rs1076560 | 3 | 6 |
rs553668 × rs1800498 | 3 | 6 |
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Leońska-Duniec, A. Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Associations between Obesity-Related Parameters and Physical Activity: A Scoping Review. Genes 2024, 15, 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091137
Leońska-Duniec A. Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Associations between Obesity-Related Parameters and Physical Activity: A Scoping Review. Genes. 2024; 15(9):1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091137
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeońska-Duniec, Agata. 2024. "Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Associations between Obesity-Related Parameters and Physical Activity: A Scoping Review" Genes 15, no. 9: 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091137