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Review

Exploring the Potential of Precision Medicine in Neuropsychiatry: A Commentary on New Insights for Tailored Treatments Based on Genetic, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors

by
Jelena Milic
1,2,*,
Milica Vucurovic
1,
Dragana Jovic
1,
Veroslava Stankovic
3,
Edita Grego
1,
Srdja Jankovic
4 and
Rosa Sapic
5
1
Institute of Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2
European Faculty “Kallos”, Ratariski Put 8a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
3
The College of Health Science, Academy of Applied Studies, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
4
The University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
5
Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bjeljina, 76300 Bjeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genes 2025, 16(4), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16040371
Submission received: 27 February 2025 / Revised: 19 March 2025 / Accepted: 22 March 2025 / Published: 24 March 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Genetics and Targeted Therapy)
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Abstract

Neuropsychiatric disorders are complex conditions with multifactorial etiologies, in which genetics play a pivotal role. Despite significant advancements in psychiatric research, traditional treatment options remain largely symptomatic, focusing on clinical signs without fully addressing the underlying biological causes. However, recent developments in precision medicine—an approach that tailors treatments based on genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors—hold great promise for transforming the treatment of these disorders. By identifying specific genetic markers and understanding gene–environment interactions, precision medicine can offer more personalized and effective treatments, leading to better patient outcomes. Our primary aim was to explore how integrating genetic data with environmental factors could enhance the understanding and treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. The secondary aim was to examine the potential of pharmacogenomics and gene therapy in improving therapeutic strategies. The results indicate that while significant progress has been made, challenges remain, including the complexity of genetic interactions and the need for more granular phenotypic data. In conclusion, precision medicine has the potential to revolutionize neuropsychiatric treatment by providing individualized care that considers genetic makeup, environmental influences, and lifestyle factors, paving the way for more effective therapies and improved patient outcomes.
Keywords: precision medicine; neuropsychiatric disorders; genetics; pharmacogenomics; gene–environment interactions; schizophrenia; bipolar disorder; personalized treatment precision medicine; neuropsychiatric disorders; genetics; pharmacogenomics; gene–environment interactions; schizophrenia; bipolar disorder; personalized treatment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Milic, J.; Vucurovic, M.; Jovic, D.; Stankovic, V.; Grego, E.; Jankovic, S.; Sapic, R. Exploring the Potential of Precision Medicine in Neuropsychiatry: A Commentary on New Insights for Tailored Treatments Based on Genetic, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors. Genes 2025, 16, 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16040371

AMA Style

Milic J, Vucurovic M, Jovic D, Stankovic V, Grego E, Jankovic S, Sapic R. Exploring the Potential of Precision Medicine in Neuropsychiatry: A Commentary on New Insights for Tailored Treatments Based on Genetic, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors. Genes. 2025; 16(4):371. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16040371

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milic, Jelena, Milica Vucurovic, Dragana Jovic, Veroslava Stankovic, Edita Grego, Srdja Jankovic, and Rosa Sapic. 2025. "Exploring the Potential of Precision Medicine in Neuropsychiatry: A Commentary on New Insights for Tailored Treatments Based on Genetic, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors" Genes 16, no. 4: 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16040371

APA Style

Milic, J., Vucurovic, M., Jovic, D., Stankovic, V., Grego, E., Jankovic, S., & Sapic, R. (2025). Exploring the Potential of Precision Medicine in Neuropsychiatry: A Commentary on New Insights for Tailored Treatments Based on Genetic, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors. Genes, 16(4), 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16040371

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