COVID-19 and the Improvement of the Global Air Quality: The Bright Side of a Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Air Quality Indicators and Human Activities
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Congestion Levels and Mobility Trends
4.2. Air Quality Improvement
4.2.1. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
4.2.2. Carbon Monoxide (CO)
4.2.3. Particle Matter (PM2.5)
4.2.4. Ozone (O3)
5. Discussion and Future Projections
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pollutant | Averaging Time | Unit | WHO | EPA NAAQS | EC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM2.5 | Annual mean | µg/m3 | 10 | 12 | 25 |
24-h mean | µg/m3 | 25 | 35 | – | |
PM2.5 | Annual mean | µg/m3 | 20 | 40 | |
24-h mean | µg/m3 | 50 | 150 | 50 (×35 *) | |
NO2 | Annual mean | µg/m3 | 40 | 100 | 40 |
1-h mean | µg/m3 | 200 | 188 | 200 (×18 *) | |
O3 | Daily 8-h maximum | µg/m3 | 100 | 138 | 120 ** |
CO | 8-h mean | µg/m3 | 10.35 | 10 | |
1-h mean | µg/m3 | 40.25 |
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Habibi, H.; Awal, R.; Fares, A.; Ghahremannejad, M. COVID-19 and the Improvement of the Global Air Quality: The Bright Side of a Pandemic. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1279. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121279
Habibi H, Awal R, Fares A, Ghahremannejad M. COVID-19 and the Improvement of the Global Air Quality: The Bright Side of a Pandemic. Atmosphere. 2020; 11(12):1279. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121279
Chicago/Turabian StyleHabibi, Hamideh, Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares, and Masoud Ghahremannejad. 2020. "COVID-19 and the Improvement of the Global Air Quality: The Bright Side of a Pandemic" Atmosphere 11, no. 12: 1279. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121279