Comparison of the Madden–Julian Oscillation-Related Tropical Cyclone Genesis over the South China Sea and Western North Pacific under Different El Niño-Southern Oscillation Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methodology
2.1. Data
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Identification of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)-Related Activity
2.2.2. Classification of Different El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Conditions
2.2.3. Definition of Tropical Cyclone (TC) Genesis and Related Index
2.2.4. Statistical Testing
2.2.5. Genesis Potential Index (GPI)
3. South China Sea (SCS) and Western North Pacific (WNP) TC Genesis Characteristics under Different ENSO Conditions
4. MJO-Related TC Genesis over the SCS and WNP under Different ENSO Conditions
5. Mechanism of MJO-Related TC Genesis over the SCS and WNP under Different ENSO Conditions
5.1. Environmental Factors for TC Genesis Considering MJO Modulation
5.2. Environmental-Factor-Related Processes
5.3. Primary Environmental Factor over the SCS and the WNP
5.3.1. SCS
5.3.2. WNP
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SCS | Neutral | El Niño | La Niña |
Active phases | 5 + 6 (3.68% *) | 5 + 6 (1.90%) | 4 + 5 (5.11% *) |
Inactive phases | 8 + 1 (0.47% *) | 8 + 1 (0.46%) | 8 + 1 + 2 (0.56% *) |
ESR (active/inactive) | 7.77 | 4.09 | 9.2 |
WNP | Neutral | El Niño | La Niña |
Active phases | 6 + 7 (16.45% *) | 6 + 7 (14.92% *) | 5 + 6 (14.22% *) |
Inactive phases | 2 + 3 (7.35% *) | 2 + 3 (5.28% *) | 3 + 4 (6.19%) |
ESR (active/inactive) | 2.24 | 2.82 | 2.29 |
Neutral (Active–Inactive) | El Niño (Active–Inactive) | La Niña (Active–Inactive) | |
---|---|---|---|
Term1 (Vort) | 2.59 (45%) s | 2.55 (68%) p | 2.73 (48%) s |
Term2 (Rhum) | 3.42 (60%) p | 1.99 (53%) s | 3.73 (65%) p |
Term3 (PI) | −0.14 (−2%) | −0.18 (−5%) | 0 (0%) |
Term4 (Vshear) | −0.16 (−3%) | −0.61 (−16%) | −0.73 (−13%) |
GPI | 5.71 | 3.75 | 5.73 |
Neutral (Active–Inactive) | El Niño (Active–Inactive) | La Niña (Active–Inactive) | |
---|---|---|---|
Term1 (Vort) | 0.54 (54%) | 0.70 (46%) | 0.27 (270%) d |
Term2 (Rhum) | 1.07 (127%) d | 1.67 (111%) d | −0.11 (−110%) |
Term3 (PI) | −0.14 (−17%) | −0.3 (−20%) | 0.12 (120%) |
Term4 (Vshear) | −0.54 (−64%) | −0.56 (−37%) | −0.18 (−180%) |
GPI | 0.84 | 1.51 | 0.1 |
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Ye, C.; Deng, L.; Huang, W.-R.; Chen, J. Comparison of the Madden–Julian Oscillation-Related Tropical Cyclone Genesis over the South China Sea and Western North Pacific under Different El Niño-Southern Oscillation Conditions. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020183
Ye C, Deng L, Huang W-R, Chen J. Comparison of the Madden–Julian Oscillation-Related Tropical Cyclone Genesis over the South China Sea and Western North Pacific under Different El Niño-Southern Oscillation Conditions. Atmosphere. 2020; 11(2):183. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020183
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe, Chengyao, Liping Deng, Wan-Ru Huang, and Jinghua Chen. 2020. "Comparison of the Madden–Julian Oscillation-Related Tropical Cyclone Genesis over the South China Sea and Western North Pacific under Different El Niño-Southern Oscillation Conditions" Atmosphere 11, no. 2: 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020183
APA StyleYe, C., Deng, L., Huang, W. -R., & Chen, J. (2020). Comparison of the Madden–Julian Oscillation-Related Tropical Cyclone Genesis over the South China Sea and Western North Pacific under Different El Niño-Southern Oscillation Conditions. Atmosphere, 11(2), 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020183