Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Contribution to Secondary Organic Aerosols during the High O3 Period in a Central Industry City in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling Site and Observations
2.2. Analysis of VOCs
2.3. Other Data
2.4. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)
2.5. SOAp
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Overview of Observation Results
3.2. The Influence of Meteorological Parameters
3.3. The Contribution to SOAp
3.4. Source Identification
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Period | 1 April– 31 July 2020 | 3–24 May 2018 | 1 April– 31 May 2017 | 2016 | 20–30 May 2017 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sampling sites | Xinxiang | Zhengzhou | Wuhan | Beijing | Shanghai |
Species | 74 | 103 | 100 | 99 | 103 |
TVOCs | 42.6 ± 11.2 | 29.1 ± 15.3 | 30.5 | 44.0 ± 28.9 | 42.7 ± 23.0 |
Alkanes | 12.4 ± 5.5 | 9.0 ± 7.0 | 16 | 16.2 ± 10.9 | 15.1 ± 9.0 |
Alkenes | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 2.0 | 5.1 | 5.2 ± 5.8 | 2.4 ± 1.9 |
Acetylene | 0.7 ± 0.5 | / | / | 3.1 ± 3.4 | 1.2 ± 0.9 |
Aromatics | 3.6 ± 2.2 | 1.6 ± 1.2 | 2.6 | 3.4 ± 3.1 | 5.1 ± 2.9 |
Halocarbons | 5.7 ± 1.8 | 6.0 ± 2.8 | 3.5 | 4.8 ± 3.2 | 5.4 ± 3.0 |
OVOCs | 18.4 ± 7.7 | 9.1 ± 4.5 | 3.4 | 11.0 ± 6.4 | 13.5 ± 8.8 |
References | This study | [22] | [24] | [25] | [26] |
Type | O3 μg/m3 | PM2.5 μg/m3 | Alkanes ppb | Alkenes ppb | Aromatics ppb | Acetylene ppb | Halocarbons ppb | CO mg/m3 | NO2 μg/m3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 92.8 | 33.5 | 13.3 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 7.0 | 0.7 | 24.9 |
NE | 84.6 | 26.7 | 10.9 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 0.6 | 25.0 |
E | 63.8 | 31.4 | 12.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 6.0 | 0.8 | 25.2 |
SE | 83.2 | 40.1 | 11.0 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 0.5 | 4.7 | 0.7 | 20.4 |
S | 95.0 | 38.0 | 13.8 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 5.6 | 0.6 | 26.1 |
SW | 100.2 | 29.3 | 11.0 | 1.4 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 5.4 | 0.6 | 24.7 |
W | 106.4 | 34.1 | 15.3 | 1.9 | 5.0 | 0.6 | 5.4 | 0.7 | 28.4 |
NW | 94.8 | 28.8 | 10.7 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 27.6 |
C | 113.3 | 36.8 | 12.7 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 6.0 | 0.7 | 28.6 |
A | 76.7 | 39.0 | 13.9 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 5.8 | 0.7 | 32.7 |
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Yao, D.; Li, C.; Niu, Q.; Gao, W.; Yu, H.; Yan, G.; Liu, J.; Cao, Z.; Wang, S.; Wang, Y. Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Contribution to Secondary Organic Aerosols during the High O3 Period in a Central Industry City in China. Atmosphere 2022, 13, 1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101625
Yao D, Li C, Niu Q, Gao W, Yu H, Yan G, Liu J, Cao Z, Wang S, Wang Y. Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Contribution to Secondary Organic Aerosols during the High O3 Period in a Central Industry City in China. Atmosphere. 2022; 13(10):1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101625
Chicago/Turabian StyleYao, Dan, Chenhong Li, Qiuying Niu, Wenkang Gao, Hao Yu, Guangxuan Yan, Jingda Liu, Zhiguo Cao, Shuai Wang, and Yuesi Wang. 2022. "Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Contribution to Secondary Organic Aerosols during the High O3 Period in a Central Industry City in China" Atmosphere 13, no. 10: 1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101625