Atmospheric Exploration of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau during the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) from a Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Introduction of Experimental Conditions
2.2. Introduction of Data Processing Methods
2.2.1. Forwards and Inversion Algorithm
2.2.2. Atmospheric Parameters
2.2.3. Error Analysis Methods
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Atmospheric Vertical Structure
3.2. Characteristics of the Atmospheric Stability Indices
3.3. Characteristics of the Water Vapour and Liquid Water
4. Discussion
4.1. Short-Term Snow Forecast
4.2. Quantitative Snowfall Estimation
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The average values of T deviation between MWR and RAOB were less than 0.5 K at most altitudes and sampling periods, meeting the deviation requirements of meteorological applications;
- (2)
- The CAPE values during the EAWM under snowy conditions were larger than those on clear days, especially during the period of 13:00–19:00 (UTC+8). For clear-sky, the CAPE during the EAWM was much larger than that during the summer monsoon. This indicates that the QTP weather system is changeable, and there is still high convective instability on sunny days;
- (3)
- The water vapour and liquid water in winter are much smaller than that of the summer monsoon. The winter LWC was an order of magnitude lower than the summer average;
- (4)
- PWV, LWC, CAPE, DCAPE and BT at the sampling channel of 30.0 GHz and 51.24 GHz had the potential to be used for quantitative precipitation forecasting.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Date | Type | Precipitation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Start Time | Duration | |||
1 | 19 October 2019 | Clear day | / | / |
2 | 21 October 2019 | Clear day | / | / |
3 | 22 October 2019 | Snowy day | 14:48:38 | 01:08:30 |
4 | 23 October 2019 | Snowy day | 17:32:13 | 00:52:10 |
5 | 24 October 2019 | Snowy day | 14:15:15 | 01:34:55 |
6 | 25 October 2019 | Clear day | / | / |
7 | 31 October 2019 | Snowy day | 16:56:08 | 00:47:55 |
8 | 4 November 2019 | Snowy day | 14:30:49 | 00:16:25 |
9 | 5 November 2019 | Snowy day | 14:03:02 | 02:17:20 |
10 | 15 November 2019 | Clear day | / | / |
11 | 16 November 2019 | Clear day | / | / |
12 | 17 November 2019 | Clear day | / | / |
13 | 18 November 2019 | Snowy day | 17:44:04 | 00:26:25 |
14 | 19 November 2019 | Snowy day | 15:35:34 | 01:23:25 |
15 | 24 November 2019 | Snowy day | 10:12:23 | 02:15:50 |
16 | 28 November 2019 | Clear day | / | / |
17 | 29 November 2019 | Snowy day | 17:42:00 | 00:49:55 |
18 | 30 November 2019 | Snowy day | 12:34:18 | 01:23:30 |
19 | 14 December 2019 | Clear day | / | / |
20 | 16 December 2019 | Clear day | / | / |
21 | 25 December 2019 | Clear day | / | / |
22 | 8 January 2020 | Clear day | / | / |
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Shi, Y.; Wei, J.; Qiao, Z.; Zhao, J.; Wang, G. Atmospheric Exploration of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau during the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) from a Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer. Atmosphere 2022, 13, 549. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040549
Shi Y, Wei J, Qiao Z, Zhao J, Wang G. Atmospheric Exploration of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau during the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) from a Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer. Atmosphere. 2022; 13(4):549. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040549
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Yang, Jiahua Wei, Zhen Qiao, Jie Zhao, and Guangqian Wang. 2022. "Atmospheric Exploration of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau during the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) from a Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer" Atmosphere 13, no. 4: 549. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040549