Elucidating Decade-Long Trends and Diurnal Patterns in Aerosol Acidity in Shanghai
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Measurement Site and Instrumentation
2.2. ISORROPIA II
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Long-Term Variations in the Nitrate-to-Sulfate Ratio
3.2. Variation Trend in Aerosol pH
3.2.1. Annual Variations in Aerosol pH
3.2.2. Seasonal Variations in Aerosol pH
3.2.3. Diurnal Variation in Aerosol pH
3.3. Quantitative Analysis of pH Drivers
3.3.1. Effect of Alkaline Buffers on Interannual pH Variations
3.3.2. Effects of Meteorological Parameters and Chemical Composition on Diurnal pH Variations
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Location | SO42− | NO3− | NH4+ | NH3 | pH | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Shanghai, CN | 8.3 ± 6.6 | 8.5 ± 10.8 | 5.6 ± 5.7 | 5.4 ± 3.7 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | This study |
2 | Nanjing, CN | 23.2 ± 0.7 | 16.9 ± 1.7 | 5.3 ± 0.6 | / | 3.3 ± 0.1 | [35] |
3 | Wuhan, CN | 10.1 ± 6.1 | 10.2 ± 9.2 | 8.0 ± 5.9 | 9.9 ± 5.4 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | [36] |
4 | Guangzhou, CN | 9.9 ± 5.9 | 4.0 ± 4.3 | 3.8 ± 3.0 | 8.7 ± 5.8 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | [37] |
5 | Beijing, CN | 7.7 ± 7.5 | 13.6 ± 16.1 | 7.4 ± 7.8 | 18.3 ± 7.8 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | [22] |
6 | Tianjin, CN | 8.9 ± 1.3 | 10.7 ± 2.8 | 6.9 ± 1.8 | / | 4.9 ± 1.4 | [18] |
7 | Alabama, US | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | [38] |
8 | Pasadena, US | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 3.7 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | [11] |
9 | Crete, GR | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | / | 1.3 ± 1.1 | [39] |
10 | Harrow, CA | 7.2 ± 1.1 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 1.5 | [40] |
11 | Indo-Gangetic Plain, India | 18.6 ± 5.8 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 20.3 ± 5.2 | / | 3.0 ± 0.2 | [19] |
12 | Cabauw, NL | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 2.8 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | [41] |
13 | Po Valley, Italy | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 8.2 ± 5.9 | 3.3 ± 2.0 | / | 3.7 ± 0.6 | [42] |
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Lv, Z.; Ye, X.; Huang, W.; Yao, Y.; Duan, Y. Elucidating Decade-Long Trends and Diurnal Patterns in Aerosol Acidity in Shanghai. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15081004
Lv Z, Ye X, Huang W, Yao Y, Duan Y. Elucidating Decade-Long Trends and Diurnal Patterns in Aerosol Acidity in Shanghai. Atmosphere. 2024; 15(8):1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15081004
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv, Zhixiao, Xingnan Ye, Weijie Huang, Yinghui Yao, and Yusen Duan. 2024. "Elucidating Decade-Long Trends and Diurnal Patterns in Aerosol Acidity in Shanghai" Atmosphere 15, no. 8: 1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15081004