Indoor Concentration Distributions of Ammonia and Sulfur-Based Odorous Substances According to Types of Laying Hen Houses in South Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subject
2.2. Measurement
3. Results
3.1. Ammonia and Sulfur-Based Odorous Substances: Monthly Concentration Distribution
3.2. Ammonia and Sulfur-Based Odorous Substances: Seasonal Concentration Distribution
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Korea Ministry of Environment. Odor Prevention Act; Korea Ministry of Environment: Sejong, Republic of Korea, 2022.
- Korea Ministry of Agriculture. Livestock Statistics; Korea Ministry of Agriculture: Sejong, Republic of Korea, 2022.
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Laying Hen House | Manure Collection System | Ventilation Mode | Housing Head (N) | Size (m) (W × L × H) | Fan | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Location | |||||
W farm | Treatment with conveyer belt | * F.V. (enclosed type) | 19,000 | 50.0 × 8.0 × 8.5 | 2 | Side wall |
Y farm | Treatment with conveyer belt | † N.V. (winch-curtain) | 5700 | 51.0 × 6.4 × 9.0 | - |
Analyzer | Variables | Analytical Conditions | LOD | LOQ | Calibration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uv-vis spetrometer (s-3100, scinco, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Detector | Uv-vis | 0.01 ppmv | 0.03 ppmv | Every time in analyzing |
Wavelength | 640 nm |
Analytical Conditions | ||
---|---|---|
Thermal Desorber (Unity + Airserver: Markes Ltd., Bridgend, UK) | Sampling flow | 50 mL/min |
Sampling time | 10 min | |
Cold trap | Hydrogen sulfide | |
Cold trap low temperature | −15 °C | |
Cold trap high temperature | 250 °C | |
Cold trap hold time | 5 min | |
GC/FPD (GC-2010, Simadzu, Kyoto, Japan) | Column info | Varian CP-SIL 5CB (60 m × 0.32 mm × 5 µm) |
Initial temperature | 50 °C (7 min) | |
Temperature Rate | 10 °C/min to 280 °C | |
Final temperature | 280 °C (5 min) | |
Detector temperature | 300 °C | |
H2 flow | 60 mL/min | |
Air flow | 70 mL/min | |
LOD | 0.001 ppbv | |
LOQ | 0.003 ppbv | |
Calibration | Every time in analyzing |
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Kim, K.-Y.; Kim, J.-K. Indoor Concentration Distributions of Ammonia and Sulfur-Based Odorous Substances According to Types of Laying Hen Houses in South Korea. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 980. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15080980
Kim K-Y, Kim J-K. Indoor Concentration Distributions of Ammonia and Sulfur-Based Odorous Substances According to Types of Laying Hen Houses in South Korea. Atmosphere. 2024; 15(8):980. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15080980
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Ki-Youn, and Jung-Kon Kim. 2024. "Indoor Concentration Distributions of Ammonia and Sulfur-Based Odorous Substances According to Types of Laying Hen Houses in South Korea" Atmosphere 15, no. 8: 980. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15080980