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Volume 16
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10.3390/atmos16030246
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Article

Analysis of the Characteristics of Ice Accretion on the Surface of Wind Turbine Blades Under Different Environmental Conditions

by
Tingzhu Qian
1,
Dayong Zhang
1,*,
Chenyang Liu
2,
Xiangyi Kong
3,
Haiming Wen
1,
Yijia Yuan
1 and
Yang Ji
1
1
School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2
School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
3
China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics, Beijing 100074, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2025, 16(3), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16030246
Submission received: 14 January 2025 / Revised: 19 February 2025 / Accepted: 19 February 2025 / Published: 21 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling)
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Abstract

The problem of ice accretion on wind turbine blades seriously affects the safe operation and efficiency of wind farms. In this paper, FENSAP-ICE software is adopted to conduct research on this issue. The mechanism of ice accretion on wind turbine blades is analyzed, including the formation process of ice accretion, as well as three types of ice accretion, namely glaze ice, rime ice, and mixed ice, and their occurrence conditions. A prediction method for ice accretion on the blades is elaborated. A numerical calculation method is employed, and the accuracy of the numerical model is verified through the design of multiple groups of numerical simulation calculations for ice accretion on the NACA0012 airfoil. Using this model, the laws governing how environmental temperature, incoming flow rate, liquid water content, and droplet diameter influence ice accretion on wind turbine blades are studied. It is found that reducing the environmental temperature and increasing the incoming flow rate and the liquid–liquid water content will increase the ice accretion mass and area. Increasing the droplet diameter will increase the ice accretion mass, but the ice-covered area will decrease and will concentrate towards the leading edge.
Keywords: wind turbine blade; ice accretion mechanism; numerical simulation; influencing factors wind turbine blade; ice accretion mechanism; numerical simulation; influencing factors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Qian, T.; Zhang, D.; Liu, C.; Kong, X.; Wen, H.; Yuan, Y.; Ji, Y. Analysis of the Characteristics of Ice Accretion on the Surface of Wind Turbine Blades Under Different Environmental Conditions. Atmosphere 2025, 16, 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16030246

AMA Style

Qian T, Zhang D, Liu C, Kong X, Wen H, Yuan Y, Ji Y. Analysis of the Characteristics of Ice Accretion on the Surface of Wind Turbine Blades Under Different Environmental Conditions. Atmosphere. 2025; 16(3):246. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16030246

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qian, Tingzhu, Dayong Zhang, Chenyang Liu, Xiangyi Kong, Haiming Wen, Yijia Yuan, and Yang Ji. 2025. "Analysis of the Characteristics of Ice Accretion on the Surface of Wind Turbine Blades Under Different Environmental Conditions" Atmosphere 16, no. 3: 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16030246

APA Style

Qian, T., Zhang, D., Liu, C., Kong, X., Wen, H., Yuan, Y., & Ji, Y. (2025). Analysis of the Characteristics of Ice Accretion on the Surface of Wind Turbine Blades Under Different Environmental Conditions. Atmosphere, 16(3), 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16030246

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