A Systematic Review of Global Desert Dust and Associated Human Health Effects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data Sources and Methods
3. Preliminary Statements
3.1. Geographical Distribution of Studies Addressing Health Effects of Desert Dust
3.2. Desert Dust-Related Health Diseases
4. Desert Dust and Human Mortality
4.1. Mortality Effects from Desert Dust Coarse Particles, PM10 and PM2.5–10
4.2. Mortality Effects of Desert Dust Fine/Ultrafine Particles, PM2.5, PM2.5–1, and PM1.0
5. Desert Dust and Human Morbidity
5.1. Desert Dust and Respiratory Disease
5.1.1. Desert Dust Associated with Asthma and Rhinitis
5.1.2. Desert Dust Associated with Pneumonia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
5.1.3. Desert Dust and Other Respiratory Diseases
5.1.4. Pathogeny of Desert Dust on Respiratory Diseases
5.2. Desert Dust and Cardiovascular Diseases
5.3. Desert Dust and Maternity and Reproduction
5.4. Desert Dust and Other Infectious Diseases
6. Conclusions and Perspective
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mortality Causes | Population | PM Fraction | % Risk per 10 μg/m3 (95% CI) | Location | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TotM | All ages | PM10 | −1.62(−2.76,−0.415) | Taipei, Taiwan, China | [19] |
TotM | All ages | PM10 | −1.5(−3.0,0.0) | Kuwait | [20] |
TotM | All ages | PM10 | −0.1(−0.6,0.4) | Athens, Greece | [21] |
TotM | All ages | PM10 | 0.0(−3.5,3.6) | Emilia-Romagna, Italy | [22] |
TotM | All ages | PM10 | 0.102(−0.20,0.403) | Seoul, Korea | [23]] |
TotM | PM10 | 0.13(−1.03,1.30) | Cyprus | [13] | |
TotM | All ages | PM10 | 0.15(0.00,0.30) | 7 cities of Korea | [24] |
TotM | All ages | PM10 | 0.17(−0.16,0.53) | Seoul, Korea | [6] |
TotM | All ages | PM10 | 0.17(0.05,0.31) | Seoul, Korea | [25] |
TotM | PM10 | 0.190(−0.028,0.412) | Seoul, Korea | [19] | |
TotM | All ages | PM10 | 0.722 | Taipei, Taiwan, China | [7] |
TotM | All ages | PM10 | 0.79(0.12,1.45) | Taipei, Taiwan, China | [26] |
TotM | All ages | PM10 | 1.16(−1.09,3.63) | Kitakyushu, Japan | [19] |
TotM | PM10 | 1.70(0.79,2.62) | Madrid, Spain | [27] | |
TotM | All ages | PM10 | 1.96(0.38,3.78) | Sydney, Australia | [28] |
TotM | Age > 75 | PM10 | 2.7(1.4,4.1) | Madrid, Spain | [29] |
TotM | Age > 35 | PM10 | 3.0(0.0,6.0) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
TotM | All ages | PM2.5 | 0.3(0.1,0.5) | Seoul, Korea | [30] |
TotM | Age > 35 | PM2.5 | 2.5(−0.9,6.1) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
TotM | All ages | PM2.5 | 2.9(−1.1,6.9) | Madrid, Spain | [31] |
TotM | All ages | PM2.5 | 5.0(0.5,9.7) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
TotM | Age > 35 | PM2.5–10 | 1.1(−0.6,2.7) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
TotM | All ages | PM2.5–10 | 2.8(0.1,5.8) | Madrid, Spain | [31] |
TotM | All ages | PM2.5–10 | 8.4(1.5,15.8) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
RES | PM10 | −5.31(−8.64,−1.71) | Taipei, Taiwan, China | [19] | |
RES | PM10 | −4.0(−1.2,4.0) | Kuwait | [20] | |
RES | All ages | PM10 | −0.2(−10.8,11.5) | Emilia-Romagna, Italy | [22] |
RES | All ages | PM10 | 0.2(−0.5,2.7) | Athens, Greece | [21] |
RES | All ages | PM10 | 0.25(−0.33,0.86) | 7 cities of Korea | [24] |
RES | PM10 | 0.79(−4.69,3.28) | Cyprus | [13] | |
RES | All ages | PM10 | 1.49(0.03,3.47) | Seoul, Korea | [23] |
RES | Age > 35 | PM10 | 2.5(−11.9,19.3) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
RES | All ages | PM10 | 2.91(−4.18,3.04) | Sydney, Australia | [28] |
RES | PM10 | 3.48(1.22,5.79) | Madrid, Spain | [27] | |
RES | Age > 75 | PM10 | 4.0(1.7,6.3) | Madrid, Spain | [29] |
RES | PM10 | 0.637(−0.222,1.572) | Seoul, Korea | [19] | |
RES | All ages | PM10 | 7.66 | Taipei, Taiwan, China | [7] |
RES | PM10 | 6.27(0.50,13.03) | Kitakyushu, Japan | [19] | |
RES | All ages | PM2.5–10 | 3.51(−8.19,16.60) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
RES | Age > 35 | PM2.5–10 | 9.8(0.2,21.3) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
RES | Age > 35 | PM2.5 | 6.6(−10,27) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
RES | All ages | PM2.5–1 | 15.71(−2.43,36.29) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
RES | All ages | PM1 | 1.95(−9.20,14.37) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
CIRC | PM10 | 0.30 | Kermanshah, Iran | [32] | |
CIRC | Age > 65 | PM10 | 0.6(0.1,1.1) | Western Japan | [33] |
CIRC | PM10 | 1.95(0.29,3.64) | Madrid, Spain | [27] | |
CIRC | All ages | PM10 | 2.59% | Taipei, Taiwan, China | [7] |
CIRC | Age > 75 | PM10 | 3.5(0.9,6.1) | Madrid, Spain | [29] |
CIRC | Age > 35 | PM10 | 5.5(0.9,10.2) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
CIRC | Age > 35 | PM2.5 | −0.7(−5.5,4.4) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
CIRC | PM2.5 | 2.5(0.7,4.5) | Madrid, Spain | [34] | |
CIRC | Age > 35 | PM2.5–10 | 4.0(1.6,6.5) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
CAR | PM10 | −1.83(−4.09,0.55) | Taipei, Taiwan, China | [19] | |
CAR | PM10 | −1.4(−4.0,1.2) | Kuwait | [20] | |
CAR | All ages | PM10 | −0.8(−5.9,4.6) | Emilia-Romagna, Italy | [22] |
CAR | All ages | PM10 | −0.25(−0.80,0.40) | Seoul, Korea | [23] |
CAR | All ages | PM10 | 0.2(−0.4,0.9) | Athens, Greece | [21] |
CAR | PM10 | 0.30 | Kermanshah, Iran | [32] | |
CAR | All ages | PM10 | 0.30(0.01,0.59) | 7 cities of Korea | [24] |
CAR | PM10 | 0.408(−0.003,0.837) | Seoul, Korea | [19] | |
CAR & RES | All ages | PM10 | 0.41(−0.38,1.26) | Seoul, Korea | [6] |
CAR | All ages | PM10 | 1.52(−1.65,5.57) | Sydney, Australia | [28] |
CAR | PM10 | 2.43 (0.53, 4.37) | Cyprus | [13] | |
CAR | PM10 | 4.09(0.006,8.73) | Kitakyushu, Japan | [19] | |
CAR | Age > 35 | PM10 | 8.9(3.5,14.5) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
CAR | Age > 35 | PM2.5–10 | 4.9(2.2,7.8) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
CAR | All ages | PM2.5–10 | 10.32(3.09,17.98) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
CAR | All ages | PM2.5 | 0.2(−0.1,0.5) | Seoul, Korea | [30] |
CAR | Age > 35 | PM2.5 | 1.1(−4.6,7.2) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
CAR | All ages | PM2.5–1 | 13.29(2.57,24.71) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
CAR | All ages | PM1 | 4.14(−3.22,12.07) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
CER | Age > 35 | PM10 | 1.6(−4.7,8.4) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
CER | PM10 | 0.46(−2.93,3.96) | Madrid, Spain | [27] | |
CER | Age > 35 | PM2.5 | −2.5(−9.1,4.8) | Rome, Italy | [11] |
CER | All ages | PM2.5–10 | 8.62(4.36,23.30) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
CER | Age > 35 | PM2.5–10 | 3.5(0.6,6.7) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
CER | All ages | PM2.5–1 | 0.29(18.43,21.86) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
CER | All ages | PM1 | 5.29(−8.16,20.46) | Barcelona, Spain | [10] |
© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Zhang, X.; Zhao, L.; Tong, D.Q.; Wu, G.; Dan, M.; Teng, B. A Systematic Review of Global Desert Dust and Associated Human Health Effects. Atmosphere 2016, 7, 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7120158
Zhang X, Zhao L, Tong DQ, Wu G, Dan M, Teng B. A Systematic Review of Global Desert Dust and Associated Human Health Effects. Atmosphere. 2016; 7(12):158. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7120158
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Xuelei, Lijing Zhao, Daniel Q. Tong, Guangjian Wu, Mo Dan, and Bo Teng. 2016. "A Systematic Review of Global Desert Dust and Associated Human Health Effects" Atmosphere 7, no. 12: 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7120158