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Article

Development and Application of a Multi-Objective-Optimization and Multi-Criteria-Based Decision Support Tool for Selecting Optimal Water Treatment Technologies in India

by
Seyed M. K. Sadr
1,*,
Matthew B. Johns
1,
Fayyaz A. Memon
1,
Andrew P. Duncan
1,
James Gordon
1,
Robert Gibson
1,
Hubert J. F. Chang
1,
Mark S. Morley
1,2,
Dragan Savic
1,2 and
David Butler
1
1
Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
2
KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2020, 12(10), 2836; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102836
Submission received: 4 August 2020 / Revised: 30 September 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 / Published: 13 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Wastewater Treatment and Reuse)
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Abstract

Despite considerable efforts to improve water management, India is becoming increasingly water stressed due to multiple factors, including climate change, increasing population, and urbanization. We address one of the most challenging problems in the design of water treatment plants: how to select a suitable technology for a specific scenario or context. The process of decision making first requires the identification of feasible treatment configurations based on various objectives and criteria. In addition, the multiplicity of water quality parameters and design variables adds further complexity to the process. In this study, we propose a novel Decision Support Tool (DST), designed to address and support the above challenges. In this user-friendly tool, both Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) methods are employed. The integration of MCDA with MOO facilitates the generation of feasible drinking water treatment solutions, identifies optimal options, and ultimately, improves the process of decision making. This implemented approach has been tested for different contexts, including for different types of raw water sources and system implementation scales. The results show that this tool can enhance the process of decision making, supporting the user (e.g., stakeholders and decision makers) to implement the most suitable water treatment systems, keeping in view the trade-offs.
Keywords: drinking water; water treatment unit processes and packaged systems; multi-objective optimization; multi-criteria decision analysis; WETSUiT drinking water; water treatment unit processes and packaged systems; multi-objective optimization; multi-criteria decision analysis; WETSUiT
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MDPI and ACS Style

Sadr, S.M.K.; Johns, M.B.; Memon, F.A.; Duncan, A.P.; Gordon, J.; Gibson, R.; Chang, H.J.F.; Morley, M.S.; Savic, D.; Butler, D. Development and Application of a Multi-Objective-Optimization and Multi-Criteria-Based Decision Support Tool for Selecting Optimal Water Treatment Technologies in India. Water 2020, 12, 2836. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102836

AMA Style

Sadr SMK, Johns MB, Memon FA, Duncan AP, Gordon J, Gibson R, Chang HJF, Morley MS, Savic D, Butler D. Development and Application of a Multi-Objective-Optimization and Multi-Criteria-Based Decision Support Tool for Selecting Optimal Water Treatment Technologies in India. Water. 2020; 12(10):2836. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102836

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sadr, Seyed M. K., Matthew B. Johns, Fayyaz A. Memon, Andrew P. Duncan, James Gordon, Robert Gibson, Hubert J. F. Chang, Mark S. Morley, Dragan Savic, and David Butler. 2020. "Development and Application of a Multi-Objective-Optimization and Multi-Criteria-Based Decision Support Tool for Selecting Optimal Water Treatment Technologies in India" Water 12, no. 10: 2836. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102836

APA Style

Sadr, S. M. K., Johns, M. B., Memon, F. A., Duncan, A. P., Gordon, J., Gibson, R., Chang, H. J. F., Morley, M. S., Savic, D., & Butler, D. (2020). Development and Application of a Multi-Objective-Optimization and Multi-Criteria-Based Decision Support Tool for Selecting Optimal Water Treatment Technologies in India. Water, 12(10), 2836. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102836

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