Water Security Assessment of Groundwater Quality in an Anthropized Rural Area from the Atlantic Forest Biome in Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Water Parameters’ Interaction at the Sample Number and Hydrological Compartments
3.1.1. pH
3.1.2. Turbidity
3.1.3. Color
3.1.4. Total Iron
3.1.5. Correlation Analysis
3.2. Microbiological Analyses
3.2.1. Coliforms
3.2.2. Heterotrophic Bacterial Count
3.3. Heavy Metals
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Number (SN) | Water Source Types Depth (m) | Geographic Coordinate System UTM WGS 84 Longitude Latitude |
---|---|---|
1 | Water well – 117 m | 25M 294,802 9,134,568 |
2 | Water well – 15 m | 25M 295,100 9,134,730 |
3 | Stream | 25M 295,165 9,134,121 |
4 | Cacimba – 8 m | 25M 293,980 9,134,207 |
5 | Water well – 128 m | 25M 294,066 9,134,254 |
6 | Cacimba – 2 m | 25M 294,675 9,133,656 |
7 | Cacimba – 4 m | 25M 294,901 9,133,979 |
8 | Cacimba – 4 m | 25M 295,126 9,133,906 |
9 | Cacimba – 8 m | 25M 293,308 9,133,622 |
10 | Cacimba – 8 m | 25M 292,323 9,131,314 |
11 | Water well – 30 m | 25M 292,171 9,131,516 |
12 | Dredging Pond – Sand pit | 25M 292,313 9,131,739 |
13 | Water well – 15 m | 25M 291,853 9,131,820 |
14 | Cacimba - 1.5 m | 25M 291,847 9,131,823 |
15 | Water well – 80 m | 25M 294,024 9,133,740 |
16 | Cacimba – 8 m | 25M 293,919 9,133,606 |
Parameter | Measurement Unit | Precision |
---|---|---|
Temperature | −5 to 55 | ±0.3 + 0.005 |
Turbidity | 0 to 800 NTU | ±1 NTU |
pH | 0 to 14 | ±0.1pH |
Total dissolved solids | 0 to 100 g/L | ±5 g/L |
Dissolved oxygen | 0 to 50 mg/L | 0 a 20 mg/L: ±0.2 mg/L 20 a 50 mg/L: ±0.5 mg/L |
Oxi-redox potential | −2000 mV to + 2000 mV | ±15 mV |
Electric conductivity | 0.0 µS/cm to 99.9 µS/m | ±1% |
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Vieira, I.F.B.; Rolim Neto, F.C.; Carvalho, M.N.; Caldas, A.M.; Costa, R.C.A.; Silva, K.S.d.; Parahyba, R.d.B.V.; Pacheco, F.A.L.; Fernandes, L.F.S.; Pissarra, T.C.T. Water Security Assessment of Groundwater Quality in an Anthropized Rural Area from the Atlantic Forest Biome in Brazil. Water 2020, 12, 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030623
Vieira IFB, Rolim Neto FC, Carvalho MN, Caldas AM, Costa RCA, Silva KSd, Parahyba RdBV, Pacheco FAL, Fernandes LFS, Pissarra TCT. Water Security Assessment of Groundwater Quality in an Anthropized Rural Area from the Atlantic Forest Biome in Brazil. Water. 2020; 12(3):623. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030623
Chicago/Turabian StyleVieira, Igor Fellipe Batista, Fernando Cartaxo Rolim Neto, Marilda Nascimento Carvalho, Anildo Monteiro Caldas, Renata Cristina Araújo Costa, Karolyne Santos da Silva, Roberto da Boa Viagem Parahyba, Fernando Antonio Leal Pacheco, Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes, and Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra. 2020. "Water Security Assessment of Groundwater Quality in an Anthropized Rural Area from the Atlantic Forest Biome in Brazil" Water 12, no. 3: 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030623
APA StyleVieira, I. F. B., Rolim Neto, F. C., Carvalho, M. N., Caldas, A. M., Costa, R. C. A., Silva, K. S. d., Parahyba, R. d. B. V., Pacheco, F. A. L., Fernandes, L. F. S., & Pissarra, T. C. T. (2020). Water Security Assessment of Groundwater Quality in an Anthropized Rural Area from the Atlantic Forest Biome in Brazil. Water, 12(3), 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030623