Sentinel-2 Application to the Surface Characterization of Small Water Bodies in Wetlands
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Image Processing
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Coordinates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wetland | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | UTM X | UTM Y |
Prat Cabanes | 231.09 | 414.74 | 200.54 | 768076.000 | 4447370.000 |
Sagunto | 226.60 | 662.61 | 234.38 | 732200.000 | 4392210.000 |
Safor | 285.29 | 791.36 | 405.74 | 738207.000 | 4316410.000 |
Pego-Oliva | 380.57 | 924.31 | 360.97 | 767731.000 | 4298290.000 |
Code | Annex I Habitat Types | Prat Cabanes | Sagunto | Safor | Pego-Oliva |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cover (ha) | |||||
1150 | Coastal lagoons | 19.40 | 79.74 | 12.55 | |
1410 | Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi) | 97.00 | 46.49 | 150.60 | |
1420 | Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi) | 19.40 | 27.25 | ||
1510 | Mediterranean salt steppes (Limonietalia) | 4.82 | |||
3150 | Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition-type vegetation | 248.97 | 25.10 | ||
3160 | Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds | 186.73 | 12.55 | ||
3170 | Mediterranean temporary ponds | 19.40 | |||
3280 | Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and hanging curtains of Salix and Populus alba | 62.24 | 25.10 | ||
5330 | Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub | 0.35 | 125.5 0 | ||
6110 | Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi | 25.10 | |||
6220 | Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea | 62.75 | |||
6420 | Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion | 194.00 | 0.37 | 62.24 | 150.60 |
6430 | Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels | 62.24 | 12.55 | ||
7210 | Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae | 388.00 | 133.60 | 622.43 |
Wetland | Orthophoto | Sentinel-2A/B | |
---|---|---|---|
Data | Spatial Resolution | Data | |
Prat Cabanes-Torreblanca | 28 July 2018 | 0.25 m | 30 July 2018 |
5 July 2017 | 0.25 m | 5 July 2017 | |
Sagunto | 8 July 2018 | 0.25 m | 5 July 2018 |
18 June 2017 | 0.25 m | 15 June 2017 | |
17 November 2016 | n. i. * | 17 November 2016 | |
Safor | 13 June 2018 | 0.25 m | 20 June 2018 |
18 August 2017 | 0.25 m | 4 August 2017 | |
11 November 2016 | n. i. * | 7 November 2016 | |
Pego-Oliva | 13 June 2018 | 0.25 m | 20 June 2018 |
11 November 2016 | n. i. * | 7 November 2016 |
INDEX | EQUATION | SOURCE | SENTINEL-2 BANDS |
---|---|---|---|
NDWI | [(GREEN − NIR)/(GREEN + NIR)] | [31] | [(B03 − B08)/(B03 + B08)] |
MNDWI | [(GREEN – SWIR)/(GREEN + SWIR)] | [32] | [(B03 − B11)/(B03 + B11)] |
CEDEX | (NIR/RED) − (NIR/SWIR) | [33] | (B05/B04) − (B05/B11) |
RE-NDWI | [(GREEN − NIR)/(GREEN + NIR)] | [34] | [(B03 − B05)/(B03 + B05)] |
AWEI(SH) | BLUE + 2.5× GREEN − 1.5 × (NIR + SWIR) − 0.25 − SWIR | [17] | [B02 + 2.5 × B03 − 1.5 × (B08 + B011) − 0.25 × B12] |
AWEI (NSH) | 4 × (GREEN−MIR) − (0.25 × NIR + 2.75 × SWIR) | [17] | [4 × (B03 − B11) − (0.25 × B08 + 2.75 × B12)] |
B_BLUE | (BLUE − NIR)/(BLUE + NIR) | This study | (B02 − B08)/(B02 + B08) |
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Pena-Regueiro, J.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.-T.; Estornell, J.; Aguilar-Maldonado, J.A. Sentinel-2 Application to the Surface Characterization of Small Water Bodies in Wetlands. Water 2020, 12, 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051487
Pena-Regueiro J, Sebastiá-Frasquet M-T, Estornell J, Aguilar-Maldonado JA. Sentinel-2 Application to the Surface Characterization of Small Water Bodies in Wetlands. Water. 2020; 12(5):1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051487
Chicago/Turabian StylePena-Regueiro, Jesús, Maria-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet, Javier Estornell, and Jesús Antonio Aguilar-Maldonado. 2020. "Sentinel-2 Application to the Surface Characterization of Small Water Bodies in Wetlands" Water 12, no. 5: 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051487