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Article

Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Sea Level Change in Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, Greece): Evidence from the Piraeus Coastal Plain and Elefsis Bay Sedimentary Records

by
Maria V. Triantaphyllou
1,*,
Theodora Tsourou
1,
Katerina Kouli
1,
Olga Koukousioura
2,
Margarita D. Dimiza
1,
Elina V. Aidona
2,
George Syrides
2,
Varvara Antoniou
1,
Ioannis P. Panagiotopoulos
1,3,
Dimitris Vandarakis
3,
Aggelos Pallikarakis
4,
Sofia Cheilaris
1,2,
Elisavet Skampa
1,
Jean-Philippe Goiran
5,
Eric Fouache
6 and
Kosmas P. Pavlopoulos
7
1
Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784 Zografou, Greece
2
School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
3
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
4
Mineralogy-Geology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
5
CNRS, UMR 5133-Archéorient, MOM, Université Lyon 2, 7 Rue Raulin, 69007 Lyon, France
6
Sorbonne Université Paris, IUF, Laboratoire, MÉDIATIONS-Sciences des Lieux, Sciences des Liens”, 75006 Paris, France
7
Geography and Planning Department, Sorbonne University, Abu Dhabi 38044, United Arab Emirates
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2021, 13(12), 1621; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121621
Submission received: 27 April 2021 / Revised: 4 June 2021 / Accepted: 6 June 2021 / Published: 9 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal and Continental Shelf Dynamics in a Changing Climate)
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Abstract

Thorough faunal (benthic foraminifera, ostracods, molluscs) and palynomorph analyses as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on the Piraeus coastal plain sedimentary sequences have shed light on the paleoenvironmental evolution of the area since ca. 9000 cal BP. Benthic and palynomorph assemblages along with magnetic susceptibility suggest a typical lagoonal environment with significant freshwater inputs at the eastern part of the plain after 8700 cal BP. Between 7500 and 5400 cal BP, microfaunal assemblages, mollusc fauna and magnetic susceptibility suggest a shallow marine paleoenvironment, with Piraeus forming a tied island in the center of the bay. Since ca. 4800 cal BP a closed oligohaline lagoon is evidenced in the western part of the Piraeus plain further developed to a marsh after 2800 cal BP, while a coastal environment associated with the fluvio-deltaic system of Kifissos and Korydallos Rivers is continually developing to the west. Signs of cultivation and grazing activities in the area are evidenced since the Early Bronze Age, culminating during the Classical Period. A comparison with a well-dated marine record, recovered from the nearby shallow Elefsis Bay, provides a reasonable estimation of ~5 mm/yr for the absolute sea level rise rate in the inner Saronikos Gulf during the Mid-Holocene.
Keywords: benthic foraminifera; ostracods; pollen; non-pollen palynomorphs; molluscs; stratigraphy; magnetic susceptibility; Holocene benthic foraminifera; ostracods; pollen; non-pollen palynomorphs; molluscs; stratigraphy; magnetic susceptibility; Holocene

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MDPI and ACS Style

Triantaphyllou, M.V.; Tsourou, T.; Kouli, K.; Koukousioura, O.; Dimiza, M.D.; Aidona, E.V.; Syrides, G.; Antoniou, V.; Panagiotopoulos, I.P.; Vandarakis, D.; et al. Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Sea Level Change in Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, Greece): Evidence from the Piraeus Coastal Plain and Elefsis Bay Sedimentary Records. Water 2021, 13, 1621. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121621

AMA Style

Triantaphyllou MV, Tsourou T, Kouli K, Koukousioura O, Dimiza MD, Aidona EV, Syrides G, Antoniou V, Panagiotopoulos IP, Vandarakis D, et al. Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Sea Level Change in Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, Greece): Evidence from the Piraeus Coastal Plain and Elefsis Bay Sedimentary Records. Water. 2021; 13(12):1621. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121621

Chicago/Turabian Style

Triantaphyllou, Maria V., Theodora Tsourou, Katerina Kouli, Olga Koukousioura, Margarita D. Dimiza, Elina V. Aidona, George Syrides, Varvara Antoniou, Ioannis P. Panagiotopoulos, Dimitris Vandarakis, and et al. 2021. "Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Sea Level Change in Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, Greece): Evidence from the Piraeus Coastal Plain and Elefsis Bay Sedimentary Records" Water 13, no. 12: 1621. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121621

APA Style

Triantaphyllou, M. V., Tsourou, T., Kouli, K., Koukousioura, O., Dimiza, M. D., Aidona, E. V., Syrides, G., Antoniou, V., Panagiotopoulos, I. P., Vandarakis, D., Pallikarakis, A., Cheilaris, S., Skampa, E., Goiran, J.-P., Fouache, E., & Pavlopoulos, K. P. (2021). Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Sea Level Change in Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, Greece): Evidence from the Piraeus Coastal Plain and Elefsis Bay Sedimentary Records. Water, 13(12), 1621. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121621

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