Current Challenges and Advancements on the Management of Water Retreatment in Different Production Operations of Shale Reservoirs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
- (1)
- Produced flow-back water from production wells was transferred to the system. Specific gauges measured the volume of produced water to measure the final stages of water retreatment accurately. The produced water was transferred to API (American Petroleum Institute) separators to separate solid phases, gas, water, and other simple components from produced water. This stage is called primary treatment.
- (2)
- Then, the water separated at this stage reacted with chemical additives to adsorb small ions and settle them.
- (3)
- Next, the treated water is moved to the dissolved gas floatation section, which can cause the elimination of the gas content by the floatation method in the system. Again, a chemical additive has been added to the system in this section to settle the ions.
- (4)
- In this stage, the treated water moves toward the metal removal section consisting of several screen packs with various meshes.
- (5)
- Then, it is transferred to the sand filtrations section to eliminate the micro- and nanoparticles in the water content. This section is known as the second separation section, and the treated water has been measured by sensitive gauges that can be used in the calculation of treated water.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Water Treatment from HF Method
3.2. Water Treatment from CEOR Methods
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Well no. | Day #1 | Day #2 | Day #3 | Day #4 | Day #5 |
W_Oil#A | 3.12 | 3.24 | 3.04 | 3.49 | 3.63 |
W_ Oil#B | 3.89 | 4.17 | 4.11 | 3.94 | 4.35 |
W_ Oil#C | 4.62 | 4.52 | 4.86 | 4.93 | 4.58 |
W_ Oil#D | 2.78 | 3.16 | 2.89 | 3.06 | 3.3 |
W_ Oil#E | 3.01 | 2.84 | 2.94 | 2.93 | 3.13 |
W_Gas#F | 3.43 | 3.56 | 3.24 | 3.37 | 3.32 |
W_ Gas#G | 1.86 | 1.75 | 1.89 | 1.94 | 1.97 |
W_ Gas#H | 2.14 | 2.35 | 2.28 | 2.23 | 2.08 |
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Well no. | Avg. Pro. Water in PFF System (MM m3/Day) | The Total Volume of Required Water (MM m3/Day) | Saving Water (MM m3/Day) | Saving Water (MM m3/Year) | Saving Water (%) | Required Freshwater (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W_Oil#A | 3.25 | 4.5 | 1.25 | 456.25 | 72 | 28 |
W_ Oil#B | 4 | 5.25 | 1.25 | 456.25 | 76 | 24 |
W_ Oil#C | 4.75 | 6 | 1.25 | 456.25 | 79 | 21 |
W_ Oil#D | 3 | 4 | 1 | 365 | 75 | 25 |
W_ Oil#E | 3 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 182.5 | 86 | 14 |
W_Gas#F | 3.5 | 3.75 | 0.25 | 91.25 | 93 | 7 |
W_ Gas#G | 2 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 182.5 | 80 | 20 |
W_ Gas#H | 2.25 | 2.75 | 0.5 | 182.5 | 82 | 18 |
Total volume | 25.75 | 32.25 | 6.5 | 2372.5 | - | - |
Average Percent | - | - | - | - | 80 | 20 |
Well no. | Avg. Pro. Water in PFF System (MM m3/Day) | The Total Volume of Required Water (MM m3/Day) | Saving Water (MM m3/Day) | Saving Water (MM m3/Year) | Saving Water (%) | Required Freshwater (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W_Oil#A | 10 | 15.5 | 5.5 | 2007.5 | 65 | 35 |
W_ Oil#B | 10 | 13.75 | 3.75 | 1368.75 | 73 | 27 |
W_ Oil#C | 5.25 | 13.25 | 8 | 2920 | 40 | 60 |
W_ Oil#D | 3.75 | 5 | 1.25 | 456.25 | 75 | 25 |
W_ Oil#E | 4.75 | 6.75 | 2 | 730 | 70 | 30 |
Total volume | 33.75 | 54.25 | 20.5 | 7482.5 | - | - |
Average Percent | - | - | - | - | 62 | 38 |
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Syah, R.; Heidary, A.; Rajabi, H.; Elveny, M.; Shayesteh, A.A.; Ramdan, D.; Davarpanah, A. Current Challenges and Advancements on the Management of Water Retreatment in Different Production Operations of Shale Reservoirs. Water 2021, 13, 2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13152131
Syah R, Heidary A, Rajabi H, Elveny M, Shayesteh AA, Ramdan D, Davarpanah A. Current Challenges and Advancements on the Management of Water Retreatment in Different Production Operations of Shale Reservoirs. Water. 2021; 13(15):2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13152131
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyah, Rahmad, Alireza Heidary, Hossein Rajabi, Marischa Elveny, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Dadan Ramdan, and Afshin Davarpanah. 2021. "Current Challenges and Advancements on the Management of Water Retreatment in Different Production Operations of Shale Reservoirs" Water 13, no. 15: 2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13152131