Estimation of the Deep Geothermal Reservoir Temperature of the Thermal Waters of the Active Continental Margin (Okhotsk Sea Coast, Far East of Asia)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Site Description
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Chemical and Isotopic Composition
4.2. Estimation of the Reservoir Temperature
Thermal Water | Steam Separation before/after Mixing | The Point in Figure 4 | H, J/g | T, °C |
---|---|---|---|---|
Annenskie | before | A | 684 | 162 |
after | B | 1100 | 253 | |
Tumnin | before | C | 671 | 159 |
after | D | 1047 | 242 | |
Ul’skiy | before | E | 675 | 160 |
after | F | 1090 | 251 | |
Talaya | before | G | 619 | 147 |
after | H | 861 | 202 | |
Tavatum | before | I | 610 | 145 |
after | J | 861 | 202 | |
Paratunka [46] | before | K | 546 | 130 |
after | L | 640 | 152 | |
Vilyuchinsk [47] | no mixing | M | 671 | 159 |
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | T | TDS | pH | HCO3− + CO32− | Cl− | SO42− | Na+ | K+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | SiO2 | δ18O | δD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
°C | g/L | mg/L | ‰, SMOW | ||||||||||
Tumnin | 44 | 0.2 | 9.3 | 78 | 2 | 10 | 34 | 0.6 | 0.7 | <0.1 | 73 | −16 | −117 |
Annenskie | 49 | 0.2 | 9.2 | 112 | 5 | 34 | 59 | 1.5 | 2.0 | <0.1 | 88 | −18.8 | −136 |
Ul’skiy | 31 | 0.2 | 9.1 | 58 | 5 | 18 | 35 | 0.7 | 1.6 | <0.1 | 52 | −15.5 | −113.4 |
Talaya | 70 | 1.0 | 8.7 | 84 | 57 | 282 | 200 | 13 | 11 | 0.20 | 98 | −23.4 | −177.9 |
Tavatum | 59 | 15 | 7.5 | 21 | 11087 | 131 | 3516 | 136 | 2711 | <0.1 | 76 | −16.3 | −124.1 |
Thermal Water | Tmeas. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tumnin | 44 | 119 | 121 | 92 | 200 | 100 | 121 | 107 |
Annenskie | 49 | 127 | 130 | 103 | 225 | 121 | 141 | 172 |
Ul’skiy | 31 | 104 | 103 | 74 | 202 | 108 | 129 | 212 |
Talaya | 70 | 132 | 136 | 109 | 306 | 181 | 198 | 366 |
Tavatum | 59 | 120 | 123 | 94 | 268 | 147 | 166 | 153 |
Minimum | 31 | 104 | 103 | 74 | 200 | 100 | 121 | 107 |
Maximum | 70 | 132 | 136 | 109 | 306 | 181 | 198 | 366 |
Name | Tmeas., °C | Tres., °C | Tres. multicomponent, °C | Circulation Depth, km | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Mixing | Mixing | ||||
Tumnin | 44 | 121 | 159 | 75 | 3.0 |
Annenskie | 49 | 130 | 162 | 104 | 4.1 |
Ul’skiy | 31 | 103 | 160 | 68 | 2.7 |
Talaya | 70 | 136 | 147 | 121 | 4.3 |
Tavatum | 59 | 153 | 153 | 6.1 |
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Bragin, I.V.; Zippa, E.V.; Chelnokov, G.A.; Kharitonova, N.A. Estimation of the Deep Geothermal Reservoir Temperature of the Thermal Waters of the Active Continental Margin (Okhotsk Sea Coast, Far East of Asia). Water 2021, 13, 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091140
Bragin IV, Zippa EV, Chelnokov GA, Kharitonova NA. Estimation of the Deep Geothermal Reservoir Temperature of the Thermal Waters of the Active Continental Margin (Okhotsk Sea Coast, Far East of Asia). Water. 2021; 13(9):1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091140
Chicago/Turabian StyleBragin, Ivan V., Elena V. Zippa, George A. Chelnokov, and Natalia A. Kharitonova. 2021. "Estimation of the Deep Geothermal Reservoir Temperature of the Thermal Waters of the Active Continental Margin (Okhotsk Sea Coast, Far East of Asia)" Water 13, no. 9: 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091140