Soil Water Movement of Mining Waste Rock and the Effect on Plant Growth in Arid, Cold Regions of Xinjiang, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Field Test
2.3. Numerical Modeling
2.3.1. Water Movement in Reconstructed Soils
2.3.2. Irrigation Demand for Land Reclamation
3. Results
3.1. Field Test Data
3.2. Soil Water Content and the Effect on a Plant Growth
3.3. Water Balance Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | Depth (cm) | θr (cm3/cm3) | θs (cm3/cm3) | α (cm−1) | n (−) | ks (cm·d−1) | l |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a1 | 0–20 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.020 | 1.960 | 250 | 0.5 |
20–40 | 0.001 | 0.51 | 0.050 | 1.710 | 300 | 0.5 | |
40–200 | 0.001 | 0.50 | 1.083 | 1.413 | 7994 | 0.5 | |
b1 | 0–40 | 0.01 | 0.44 | 0.018 | 6.080 | 250 | 0.5 |
40–60 | 0.001 | 0.51 | 0.065 | 1.677 | 300 | 0.5 | |
60–200 | 0.001 | 0.50 | 2.754 | 1.219 | 7994 | 0.5 | |
c1 | 0–40 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.013 | 9.070 | 200 | 0.5 |
40–60 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.018 | 10.000 | 100 | 0.5 | |
60–80 | 0.001 | 0.51 | 0.073 | 1.922 | 300 | 0.5 | |
80–200 | 0.001 | 0.50 | 3.244 | 1.344 | 8000 | 0.5 | |
a2 | 0–20 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.030 | 1.184 | 10 | 0.5 |
20–40 | 0.008 | 0.41 | 0.059 | 1.452 | 100 | 0.5 | |
40–200 | 0.001 | 0.51 | 1.158 | 1.382 | 7697 | 0.5 | |
b2 | 0–40 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.011 | 10.000 | 29 | 0.5 |
40–60 | 0.001 | 0.49 | 0.031 | 2.945 | 482 | 0.5 | |
60–200 | 0.001 | 0.60 | 3.707 | 1.125 | 10,817 | 0.5 | |
c2 | 0–40 | 0.01 | 0.60 | 0.018 | 4.250 | 500 | 0.5 |
40–60 | 0.01 | 0.40 | 0.026 | 2.634 | 500 | 0.5 | |
60–80 | 0.008 | 0.41 | 0.124 | 1.542 | 100 | 0.5 | |
80–200 | 0.001 | 0.51 | 1.000 | 1.417 | 7697 | 0.5 |
Stainless Steel Tube | Aluminum Tube | Iron Tube | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Stainless steel tube | Pearson correlation | 1 | 0.939 a | 0.928 a |
significance (two-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
N | 360 | 360 | 360 | |
Aluminum tube | Pearson correlation | 0.939 a | 1 | 0.899 a |
Significance (two-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
N | 360 | 360 | 360 | |
Iron tube | Pearson correlation | 0.928 a | 0.899 a | 1 |
Significance (two-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
N | 360 | 360 | 360 |
Serial Number | Instrument Model of Neutron Probe | Depth of Measurement (cm) | Calibration Equation |
---|---|---|---|
1 | L-520D | 10 | θ a = 7.12 + 49.61 × (R b/Rω c) |
2 | 30 | θ = 5.071 + 58.224 × (R/Rω) | |
3 | ≥40 | θ = −0.83 + 58.102 × (R/Rω) |
Depth (cm) | θr (cm3 cm−3) | θs (cm3 cm−3) | α (cm−1) | n (−) | Ks (cm d−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a1, a2 | 0–20 | 0.034 | 0.46 | 0.016 | 1.37 | 6 |
20–40 | 0.078 | 0.43 | 0.036 | 1.56 | 24.96 | |
40–200 | 0.045 | 0.43 | 0.145 | 2.68 | 712.8 | |
b1, b2 | 0–40 | 0.034 | 0.46 | 0.016 | 1.37 | 6 |
40–60 | 0.078 | 0.43 | 0.036 | 1.56 | 24.96 | |
60–200 | 0.045 | 0.43 | 0.145 | 2.68 | 712.8 | |
c1, c2 | 0–40 | 0.034 | 0.46 | 0.016 | 1.37 | 6 |
40–60 | 0.031 | 0.41 | 0.015 | 1.5 | 4 | |
60–80 | 0.078 | 0.43 | 0.036 | 1.56 | 24.96 | |
80–200 | 0.045 | 0.43 | 0.145 | 2.68 | 712.8 |
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Zhang, Z.; Lv, Q.; Guo, Z.; Huang, X.; Hao, R. Soil Water Movement of Mining Waste Rock and the Effect on Plant Growth in Arid, Cold Regions of Xinjiang, China. Water 2021, 13, 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091240
Zhang Z, Lv Q, Guo Z, Huang X, Hao R. Soil Water Movement of Mining Waste Rock and the Effect on Plant Growth in Arid, Cold Regions of Xinjiang, China. Water. 2021; 13(9):1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091240
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Zizhao, Qianli Lv, Zezhou Guo, Xuebang Huang, and Ruihua Hao. 2021. "Soil Water Movement of Mining Waste Rock and the Effect on Plant Growth in Arid, Cold Regions of Xinjiang, China" Water 13, no. 9: 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091240