A Systematic Bibliometric Review of Low Impact Development Research Articles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method and Data Processing
3. Bibliometric Analysis of LID-Based Research Articles
4. International LID Research Progress
4.1. Keyword Co-Occurrence Analysis of Research Topics
4.2. Keyword Cluster Analysis
4.3. Co-Citation Clustering Analysis
5. LID Research Progress in China
5.1. Keyword Co-Occurrence Analysis of Research Topics
5.2. Keyword Cluster Analysis
6. Conclusions
6.1. Comparison of the LID Research in China and Abroad
- (1)
- Research abroad focuses on the improvement and expansion of the LID framework, while China’s research emphasizes on the application of technologies associated with the sponge city construction. From the number of publications by subject category point of view, the research field with the largest number of publications in English articles is Environmental Science, whereas the top research field in China is Architectural Science. This issue is closely related to the severe water safety as well as water ecological problems in China. Compared to the relatively mature urban stormwater management systems in foreign countries, the rapid urbanization process in China has resulted in the lack of long-term planning for urban stormwater management systems. Since the proposal of sponge city construction in 2015, the number of related Chinese articles has grown exponentially. The conducted studies not only solve the problems of urban waterlogging, groundwater resource depletion, and urban nonpoint source pollution in China, but also provide references for the LID application in other countries;
- (2)
- Commonly, the research abroad emphasizes on the impact caused by global climate change, whereas China’s research is mainly motivated by changes in land-use types. From the keyword clustering standpoints, research abroad basically focuses on the LID parameter optimization, modelling, and improvement of the multi-objective optimization method, uncertainty due to climate and land-use changes, and disaster resistance, while China’s research emphasizes on problems encountered in sponge city construction. The advantage is that, in the context of urban waterlogging and nonpoint source pollution, such explorations can quickly and comprehensively analyze the problems and provide timely information for China’s sponge city construction, sustainable development, water safety, and water ecology. Nevertheless, there are also some apparent shortcomings, such as high homogeneity, and lack of innovation;
- (3)
- The research abroad focuses on optimization of the LID parameters through experimental research, while China’s research emphasizes on the model simulation in order to determine the type, quantity, location, and combination of optimal LID measures. The bioretention represents the largest cluster of English articles, and Experimental Analysis and Water Quality Improvement are the focus of such investigations. However, few Chinese explorations have been carried out in the areas mentioned above. China’s research mainly employs the SWMM model to simulate the LID measures with obvious water reduction effects, such as concave green space and permeable pavement, subjected to various rainfall return periods.
6.2. Research Trends
- (1)
- Expand the scope of research. The LID research has achieved good results in research areas such as sponge campuses, residential areas, and urban “brownfields”, but most of research works have been conducted at the micro-scale. How to extend the research scale to the scale of cities and watersheds, make a macro-level overall layout, and proficiently cooperate with the pipeline networks, rivers, and lake systems is the key to unlocking the problems of urban rainwater and non-point source pollution;
- (2)
- Expand the breadth of research. To further strengthen the cross-coordination between various disciplines, the previous disciplines were mainly involved in the fields of water resources and the environment, and the optimization objectives and optimization functions were mostly considered as water quality and water quantity. Whether multi-objective optimization can be taken into account in the future, economic benefits, landscape benefits, and climate uncertainties are also included in the evaluation system;
- (3)
- Carry out the original view test. The LID measure can be regarded as a small hydrological cycle system whose efficacy depends on both its corresponding factors and externally exerted conditions. Foreign scholars have accomplished a lot of experimental work on bioretention facilities to assess their performance. Prototype observation experiments for other LID measures can be also carried out in the future, and the obtained results can be employed to validate the numerical models for the sake of enhancing the research accuracy.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Quantity | Centrality | Subject |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 689 | 0.35 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
2 | 637 | 0.11 | Environmental Sciences |
3 | 560 | 0.08 | Water Resources |
4 | 467 | 0.53 | Engineering |
5 | 232 | 0.16 | Engineering & Civil |
6 | 212 | 0.03 | Engineering & Environmental |
No. | Quantity | Centrality | Subject | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 919 | 61.27 | Construction Science & Engineering | |
2 | 357 | 23.80 | Water Conservancy & Hydropower Engineering | |
3 | 88 | 5.87 | Environmental Science and Resource Utilization | |
4 | 72 | 4.80 | Road and Water Transportation | |
5 | 8 | 0.53 | Resource Science | |
6 | 4 | 0.27 | Gardening |
Stage | Keywords (Frequency/Centrality) |
---|---|
Formation stage (2004–2014) | LID (503/0.04); runoff (249/0.05); performance (220/0.02); |
stormwater management (191/0.06); system (153/0.09); urbanization (140/0.07); | |
bioretention (137/0.06); green infrastructure (133/0.04); water quality (113/0.04); | |
model (107/0.03); SWMM (105/0.03); infiltration (79/0.08) | |
Development stage (2015–2021) | optimization (68/0.01); management practice (63/0.01); infrastructure (31/0.01); |
city (30/0.02); urban runoff (28/0.01); uncertainty (25/0.04); | |
benefit (22/0.01); resilience (17/0.01); reduction (17/0.01) |
Keywords | Year | Strength | Begin | End | 2004–2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
best management practice | 2004 | 8.5 | 2004 | 2015 | ▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
infiltration | 2004 | 7.22 | 2004 | 2015 | ▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
storm water management | 2004 | 3.81 | 2004 | 2015 | ▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
storm water | 2004 | 6.2 | 2005 | 2016 | ▂▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂ |
porous pavement | 2004 | 6.53 | 2007 | 2017 | ▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂ |
retention | 2004 | 4.8 | 2007 | 2016 | ▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂ |
quantity | 2004 | 3.82 | 2007 | 2010 | ▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
hydrology | 2004 | 4.89 | 2008 | 2013 | ▂▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
stream | 2004 | 4.42 | 2008 | 2017 | ▂▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂ |
water | 2004 | 4.47 | 2009 | 2014 | ▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
bioretention | 2004 | 3.79 | 2009 | 2013 | ▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
North Carolina | 2004 | 5.6 | 2010 | 2014 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
pollutant removal | 2004 | 5.53 | 2011 | 2015 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
storm water management | 2004 | 3.94 | 2011 | 2012 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
land use change | 2004 | 5.41 | 2015 | 2016 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▂▂▂▂▂ |
urban runoff | 2004 | 5.25 | 2015 | 2017 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃▂▂▂▂ |
modeling | 2004 | 4.14 | 2015 | 2017 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃▂▂▂▂ |
rainfall | 2004 | 5.67 | 2019 | 2021 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃ |
challenge | 2004 | 4.49 | 2019 | 2021 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃ |
storm water management model | 2004 | 3.85 | 2019 | 2021 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃ |
Cluster Name | Size | Homogeneity | Research Topic (log Likelihood Ratio/p Value) |
---|---|---|---|
#0 bioretention | 112 | 0.616 | bioretention (48.76/0.001); SWMM (31.51/0.001); stormwater (30.66/0.0001) |
#1 sponge city | 106 | 0.457 | sponge city (38.37/0.0001); bioretention (18.038/0.001); urban catchment (13.75/0.001); water quality (13.68/0.001); sustainablity (13.19/0.001) |
#2 green roof | 69 | 0.669 | green roof (28.95/0.0001); porous pavements (21.32/0.0001); permeable pavement (21.04/0.0001) |
#3 optimization | 61 | 0.694 | optimization (37.09/0.0001); cost (17.07/0.001); management practice (16.46/0.0001); uncertainty (11.33/0.001) |
#4 green infrastructure | 57 | 0.697 | green infrastructure (24.35/0.0001); stormwater management (20.31/0.001); urban hydrology (17.28/0.0001) |
#5 low impace development | 36 | 0.745 | low impact development (32.02/0.0001); SWMM model (28/0.0001); LID (12.97/0.001) |
#6 constant head test | 34 | 0.829 | constant head test (12/0.001); pollution (12/0.001); sensitivity analysis (10/0.005) |
#7 climate change | 33 | 0.784 | climate change (35.15/0.0001); urbanization (31.45/0.05); land use (13.78/0.001) |
#8 SWMM | 28 | 0.873 | SWMM (44.37/0.0001); water quality (10.5/0.005); conservation subdivision (10.17/0.005) |
Cluster | Size | Homogeneity | Average Year | Research Topic (log Likelihood Ratio/p Value) |
---|---|---|---|---|
#0 multi-objective optimization | 163 | 0.717 | 2017 | multi-objective optimization (11.77/0.001); optimization (10.98/0.001); SWMM (8.97/0.005); climate change (6.33/0.05); sustainable urban drainage systems (6.02/0.05); life cycle cost (5.77/0.05) |
#1 hydrology | 132 | 0.902 | 2008 | hydrology (22.52/0.0001); bioretention (14.78/0.001); SWMM (12.47/0.001); sponge city (12.23/0.001); sustainable development (12.06/0.001) |
#2 groundwater | 85 | 0.781 | 2014 | groundwater (9.36/0.005); urban hydrology (9.08/0.005); green infrastructure (12.47/0.001); groundwater recharge (7.95/0.005) |
#3 sponge city | 71 | 0.796 | 2016 | sponge city (25.75/0.0001); bioretention (12.92/0.001); urban sustainability (7.81/0.01) |
#4 LID practices | 57 | 0.875 | 2011 | LID practices (6.77/0.01) |
#5 green roof | 52 | 0.897 | 2013 | green roof (26.31/0.0001); LID (12.2/0.001); retention (10.79/0.005) |
#6 first flush effect | 46 | 0.95 | 2017 | first flush effect (10.22/0.0005); denitrification (10.22/0.005); stormwater runoff (8.93/0.005) |
#7 sustain | 30 | 0.921 | 2011 | sustain (6.93/0.01); site selection (6.13/0.05); LID-BMPs (6.13/0.05) |
#8 conservation subdivision | 26 | 0.979 | 2007 | conservation subdivision (16.32/0.0001); experimental auction (8.13/0.005) |
#10 benefit cost ratios | 21 | 0.952 | 2002 | benefit cost ratios (10.43/0.005); conservation (10.43/0.005); water balance (7.67/0.01) |
Frequency | Year | Author | Title |
---|---|---|---|
122 | 2017 | Eckart et al. (2017) [8] | Performance and implementation of low impact development—A review |
109 | 2015 | Fletcher et al. (2015) [9] | SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and more—The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage |
79 | 2015 | Palla and Gnecco (2015) [10] | Hydrologic modeling of Low Impact Development systems at the urban catchment scale |
75 | 2016 | Ahiablame and Shakya (2016) [13] | Modeling flood reduction effects of low impact development at a watershed scale |
75 | 2016 | Chui et al. (2016) [36] | Assessing cost-effectiveness of specific LID practice designs in response to large storm events |
64 | 2013 | Qin et al. (2013) [29] | The effects of low impact development on urban flooding under different rainfall characteristics |
61 | 2012 | Ahiablame et al. (2012) [5] | Effectiveness of low impact development practices: literature review and suggestions for future research |
58 | 2015 | Baek et al. (2015) [33] | Optimizing low impact development (LID) for stormwater runoff treatment in urban area, Korea: Experimental and modeling approach |
51 | 2015 | Liu et al. (2015a) [34] | Enhancing a rainfall-runoff model to assess the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on storm runoff |
50 | 2015 | Rosa et al. (2015) [39] | Calibration and verification of SWMM for low impact development |
49 | 2017 | Kong et al. (2017) [38] | Modeling stormwater management at the city district level in response to changes in land use and low impact development |
47 | 2015 | Jia et al. (2015) [40] | LID-BMPs planning for urban runoff control and the case study in China |
46 | 2019 | Li et al. (2019) [41] | Comprehensive performance evaluation of LID practices for the sponge city construction: A case study in Guangxi, China |
45 | 2018 | Eckart et al. (2018) [42] | Multiobjective optimization of low impact development stormwater controls |
44 | 2017 | Xia et al. (2017) [31] | Opportunities and challenges of the sponge city construction related to urban water issues in China |
41 | 2015 | Martin-Mikle et al. (2015) [43] | Identifying priority sites for low impact development (LID) in a mixed-use watershed |
40 | 2017 | Mao et al. (2017) [44] | Assessing the ecological benefits of aggregate LID-BMPs through modelling |
40 | 2017 | Li et al. (2017) [32] | Sponge city construction in China: A survey of the challenges and opportunities |
40 | 2018 | Zhang and Chui (2018) [45] | A comprehensive review of spatial allocation of LID-BMP-GI practices: Strategies and optimization tools |
39 | 2015 | Liu et al. (2015b) [35] | Evaluating the effectiveness of management practices on hydrology and water quality at watershed scale with a rainfall-runoff model |
Stage | Keywords (Frequency/Centrality) |
---|---|
Formation stage (2009–2014) | LID (756/1.21); Sponge city (336/0.26); SWMM mode (125/0.11); |
Stormwater management (57/0.03); Rainwater utilization (37/0.01); Cost-effectiveness(31/0.01); | |
Urban waterlogging (29/0.01); Runoff control (274/0.01); Urbanization (24/0.01); | |
Green roof(17/0.01); Non-point source pollution (16/0.00); SUSTAIN model(15/0.00) | |
Development stage (2015–2021) | Rainfall garden (35/0.01); Landscape design (31/0.01); LID facilities(22/0.04); |
Landscape garden (21/0.01); Rainwater system (20/0.01); total annual runoff control (15/0.00); | |
Sponge campus (13/0.00); Stormwater management model (12/0.00); Sustainable development (11/0.00) |
Keywords | Year | Strength | Begin | End | 2009–2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
storm water | 2009 | 3.8 | 2009 | 2015 | ▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
cost-effectiveness | 2009 | 3.46 | 2009 | 2014 | ▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
runoff | 2009 | 3.42 | 2009 | 2014 | ▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
urbanization | 2009 | 3.3 | 2009 | 2015 | ▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
green building | 2009 | 2.59 | 2009 | 2016 | ▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂ |
optimization algorithm | 2009 | 2.43 | 2009 | 2014 | ▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
sponge city | 2009 | 2.12 | 2009 | 2014 | ▃▃▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
storm-water management | 2009 | 3.81 | 2012 | 2015 | ▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
rainwater utilization | 2009 | 3.04 | 2012 | 2015 | ▂▂▂▃▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
rain garden | 2009 | 2.14 | 2014 | 2016 | ▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃▂▂▂▂▂ |
the amount of runoff | 2009 | 2.1 | 2014 | 2015 | ▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▂▂▂▂▂▂ |
residential area | 2009 | 2.66 | 2016 | 2018 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃▂▂▂ |
planning and design | 2009 | 2.39 | 2017 | 2018 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▂▂▂ |
sponge campuses | 2009 | 3.32 | 2019 | 2021 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃ |
analytic hierarchy process | 2009 | 2.9 | 2019 | 2021 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃ |
multi-objective optimization | 2009 | 2.53 | 2019 | 2021 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃ |
low impact development | 2009 | 2.23 | 2019 | 2021 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃ |
stormwater management model | 2009 | 2.2 | 2019 | 2021 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃ |
urban road | 2009 | 2.08 | 2019 | 2021 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃ |
stormwater regulation | 2009 | 2.07 | 2019 | 2021 | ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▃▃▃ |
Cluster | Size | Homogeneity | Research Topic (log Likelihood Ratio/p Value) |
---|---|---|---|
#0 LID | 93 | 0.779 | LID (71.82/0.0001); Urban waterlogging (39.9/0.0001); Sustainable development (18.18/0.0001) |
#1 SWMM model | 70 | 0.719 | SWMM model (69.66/0.0001); Sponge-type utility tunnel (45.16/0.0001); SUSTAIN model (45.16/0.0001) |
#2 Grass trenches | 53 | 0.841 | Grass trenches (45.54/0.0001); Green roof(35.47/0.0001); permeable pavement (22.55/0.0001) |
#3 Rainwater utilization | 50 | 0.824 | Rainwater utilization (43.52/0.0001); LID technologies (35.14/0.0001); Landscape design (26.85/0.0001) |
#4 Sponge city | 47 | 0.697 | Sponge city (93.67/0.0001); Benefit quantification (29.77/0.0001); Optimization (29.77/0.0001); Annual runoff control rate (23.15/0.0001) |
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You, J.; Chen, X.; Chen, L.; Chen, J.; Chai, B.; Kang, A.; Lei, X.; Wang, S. A Systematic Bibliometric Review of Low Impact Development Research Articles. Water 2022, 14, 2675. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14172675
You J, Chen X, Chen L, Chen J, Chai B, Kang A, Lei X, Wang S. A Systematic Bibliometric Review of Low Impact Development Research Articles. Water. 2022; 14(17):2675. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14172675
Chicago/Turabian StyleYou, Jin, Xiang Chen, Liang Chen, Jianghai Chen, Beibei Chai, Aiqing Kang, Xiaohui Lei, and Shuqian Wang. 2022. "A Systematic Bibliometric Review of Low Impact Development Research Articles" Water 14, no. 17: 2675. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14172675
APA StyleYou, J., Chen, X., Chen, L., Chen, J., Chai, B., Kang, A., Lei, X., & Wang, S. (2022). A Systematic Bibliometric Review of Low Impact Development Research Articles. Water, 14(17), 2675. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14172675