Odonata Assemblages in Anthropogenically Impacted Habitats in the Drava River—A Long-Term Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Odonata Sampling
2.3. Environmental Variables
2.4. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Variables
3.2. Odonata Assemblages
3.3. Odonata and Environmental Variables
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Habitats/Environmental Parameters | Reservoirs | Drainage Ditches | Tailrace Canals | Old River Channels | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Water temperature (°C) | 14.98 | 2.09 | 13.40 | 0.98 | 14.83 | 1.24 | 15.31 | 1.55 |
pH | 8.12 | 0.16 | 7.98 | 0.17 | 8.12 | 0.15 | 8.09 | 0.16 |
Conductivity (µS/cm) | 283 | 25 | 339 | 19 | 284 | 21 | 307 | 29 |
Dissolved oxygen concentration (O2 mg/L) | 9.84 | 0.62 | 6.47 | 0.71 | 9.64 | 0.49 | 9.39 | 0.90 |
Oxygen saturation (%) | 101.56 | 5.93 | 64.90 | 7.27 | 97.59 | 3.84 | 95.91 | 9.49 |
Biological oxygen demand (O2 mg/L) | 1.59 | 0.86 | 1.09 | 0.91 | 1.42 | 0.84 | 1.48 | 0.90 |
Chemical oxygen demand (O2 mg/L) | 6.33 | 5.90 | 5.87 | 5.30 | 5.60 | 5.49 | 5.50 | 5.27 |
Ammonium concentration (N mg/L) | 0.028 | 0.021 | 0.046 | 0.057 | 0.020 | 0.008 | 0.085 | 0.120 |
Nitrite concentration (N mg/L) | 0.038 | 0.142 | 0.046 | 0.147 | 0.045 | 0.170 | 0.044 | 0.138 |
Nitrate concentration (N mg/L) | 0.793 | 0.192 | 0.595 | 0.178 | 0.769 | 0.175 | 0.753 | 0.213 |
Total nitrogen concentration (N mg/L) | 1.217 | 0.422 | 0.829 | 0.447 | 1.105 | 0.273 | 1.114 | 0.352 |
Total phosphorous concentration (P mg/L) | 0.062 | 0.050 | 0.044 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.032 | 0.054 | 0.040 |
Orthophosphate concentration (P mg/L) | 0.017 | 0.007 | 0.020 | 0.016 | 0.015 | 0.003 | 0.025 | 0.024 |
Phenol concentration (mg/L) | 0.0061 | 0.0045 | 0.0053 | 0.0030 | 0.0073 | 0.0062 | 0.0082 | 0.0104 |
Pesticide concentration (µg/L) | 0.0033 | 0.0024 | 0.0031 | 0.0024 | 0.0031 | 0.0025 | 0.0032 | 0.0026 |
Mineral oil concentration (mg/L) | 0.016 | 0.019 | 0.017 | 0.023 | 0.020 | 0.029 | 0.016 | 0.024 |
Faecal coliform bacteria (nr/1000 mL) | 4610 | 5922 | 20,728 | 116,604 | 2975 | 4459 | 14,449 | 37,149 |
Habitat Type | Reservoirs | Drainage Ditches | Tailrace Canals | Old River Channels | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site | C1 | C1A | C2 | D1 | D2 | V1 | V2 | C3 | C4 | D3 | D4 | C5 | D5 | V3 | C6 | D6 | V4 |
Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas, 1771) | 6.7 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 30.0 | 15.6 | 1.7 | |||||||||
Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1782) | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Calopteryx virgo (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1.7 | 3.3 | |||||||||||||||
Coenagrionidae non det. | 6.7 | 1.7 | |||||||||||||||
Ischnura elegans Vander Linden, 1820 | 2.8 | 1.7 | |||||||||||||||
Erythromma najas Hansemann, 1823 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Erythromma lindenii (Selys, 1840) | 11.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840) | 11.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Gomphus vulgatissimus (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Onychogomphus forcipatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | 5.0 | 1.7 | 5.0 | 6.7 | 10.0 | 15.0 | |||||||||||
Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837) | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758) | 6.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Taxa richness | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
Abundance | 13.4 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 11.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 8.3 | 60.1 | 36.8 | 21.8 |
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Vilenica, M.; Mihaljević, Z. Odonata Assemblages in Anthropogenically Impacted Habitats in the Drava River—A Long-Term Study. Water 2022, 14, 3119. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14193119
Vilenica M, Mihaljević Z. Odonata Assemblages in Anthropogenically Impacted Habitats in the Drava River—A Long-Term Study. Water. 2022; 14(19):3119. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14193119
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilenica, Marina, and Zlatko Mihaljević. 2022. "Odonata Assemblages in Anthropogenically Impacted Habitats in the Drava River—A Long-Term Study" Water 14, no. 19: 3119. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14193119