Feeding Ecology of Common Squid Todarodes pacificus in the South Sea of Korea Determined through Stable Isotope and Stomach Content Analyses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Sample Collection
2.2. Sample Processing
2.3. Stomach Content Analysis
2.4. Stable Isotope Analyses
2.5. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Dietary Composition: Relative Importance
3.2. Stable Isotope Ratios
3.2.1. Common Squid
3.2.2. Zooplankton and Other Fish Consumers
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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February | May | August | PERMANOVA | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zooplankton group | δ13C | δ15N | δ13C | δ15N | δ13C | δ15N | pseudo-F | p | |||||||||
n | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Copepods | 10 | −20.1 | 1.0 | 6.5 | 0.4 | 12 | −22.2 | 0.9 | 7.3 | 0.4 | 7 | −20.2 | 0.5 | 8.2 | 0.3 | 13.22 | 0.001 |
Euphausiids | 5 | −20.2 | 1.0 | 6.9 | 0.9 | 10 | −21.1 | 0.8 | 6.9 | 0.4 | 4 | −21.3 | 1.1 | 7.8 | 0.7 | 5.43 | 0.003 |
Month | Species Name | Code | n | δ13C | δ15N | TP | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | |||||
February | Todarodes pacificus | Tp | 20 | −19.3 | 0.8 | 11.3 | 0.6 | 3.41 |
Acropoma japonicum | Aj | 3 | −19.0 | 0.5 | 11.5 | 0.2 | 3.48 | |
Champsodon snyderi | Cs | 1 | −19.3 | 9.3 | 2.82 | |||
Conger myriaster | Cm | 2 | −19.4 | 0.5 | 13.3 | 0.4 | 4.00 | |
Hoplobrotula armata | Ha | 3 | −17.8 | 0.3 | 12.4 | 0.4 | 3.73 | |
Lateolabrax japonicus | Lj | 3 | −16.4 | 0.1 | 14.9 | 0.5 | 4.47 | |
Niphon spinosus | Ns | 1 | −18.1 | 12.7 | 3.82 | |||
Octopus vulgaris | Ov | 1 | −17.0 | 12.2 | 3.69 | |||
May | Todarodes pacificus | Tp | 53 | −19.5 | 0.7 | 10.4 | 0.7 | 3.03 |
Apogon lineatus | Al | 3 | −18.7 | 0.2 | 9.9 | 0.1 | 2.87 | |
Argentina kagoshimae | Ak | 2 | −17.8 | 0.0 | 10.3 | 0.1 | 3.00 | |
Argyrosomus argentatus | Aa | 2 | −17.4 | 0.2 | 13.0 | 0.6 | 3.81 | |
Benthosema pterotum | Bp | 3 | −19.9 | 0.4 | 10.0 | 0.4 | 2.91 | |
Cleisthenes pinetorum | Cp | 3 | −17.9 | 0.4 | 11.3 | 1.2 | 3.30 | |
Coelorinchus multispinulosus | Co | 1 | −18.2 | 8.5 | 2.47 | |||
Conger myriaster | Cm | 3 | −18.4 | 0.8 | 10.9 | 0.6 | 3.19 | |
Doederleinia berycoides | Db | 3 | −19.0 | 1.1 | 11.0 | 0.5 | 3.21 | |
Helicolenus hilgendorfi | Hh | 1 | −18.0 | 11.7 | 3.40 | |||
Hyperoglyphe japonica | Hj | 1 | −19.4 | 9.2 | 2.68 | |||
Liparis tanakae | Lt | 1 | −18.0 | 10.1 | 2.96 | |||
Lophius litulon | Ll | 3 | −17.4 | 0.2 | 11.8 | 0.7 | 3.45 | |
Malakichthys wakiyae | Mw | 3 | −18.5 | 0.5 | 9.8 | 0.5 | 2.84 | |
Neobythites sivicola | Ns | 3 | −19.0 | 0.5 | 9.3 | 1.1 | 2.72 | |
Psenopsis anomala | Pa | 3 | −20.1 | 0.8 | 11.2 | 0.5 | 3.27 | |
Synagrops philippinensis | Sp | 3 | −19.7 | 0.8 | 10.2 | 0.4 | 2.96 | |
Tanakius kitaharae | Tk | 3 | −17.3 | 0.2 | 10.1 | 0.5 | 2.94 | |
Trachurus japonicus | Tj | 3 | −18.1 | 0.2 | 11.0 | 0.2 | 3.22 | |
Trichiurus japonicus | Tr | 3 | −19.9 | 0.7 | 11.5 | 0.4 | 3.34 | |
Uroteuthis edulis | Ue | 3 | −19.0 | 0.4 | 9.6 | 0.2 | 2.79 | |
Zenopsis nebulosa | Zn | 1 | −17.3 | 12.2 | 3.55 | |||
Zeus faber | Zf | 3 | −17.1 | 0.8 | 12.2 | 1.0 | 3.56 | |
August | Todarodes pacificus | Tp | 23 | −19.0 | 0.6 | 10.8 | 1.0 | 2.89 |
Loligo edulis budo | Le | 3 | −18.6 | 0.3 | 10.5 | 0.6 | 2.80 | |
Pagrus major | Pm | 1 | −17.9 | 11.9 | 3.20 | |||
Psenopsis anomala | Pa | 2 | −18.8 | 1.3 | 11.4 | 0.1 | 3.05 | |
Scomber japonicus | Sj | 4 | −18.8 | 0.4 | 10.0 | 0.3 | 2.65 | |
Thamnaconus modestus | Tm | 1 | −18.7 | 8.9 | 2.33 | |||
Trachurus japonicus | Tj | 3 | −18.9 | 0.2 | 10.6 | 0.4 | 2.81 | |
Trichiurus japonicus | Tr | 3 | −18.3 | 0.5 | 11.2 | 0.7 | 2.99 | |
Uroteuthis edulis | Ue | 3 | −19.1 | 0.8 | 10.9 | 0.1 | 2.91 |
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Shin, D.; Park, T.H.; Lee, C.-I.; Jo, J.H.; Choi, C.G.; Kang, S.; Park, H.J. Feeding Ecology of Common Squid Todarodes pacificus in the South Sea of Korea Determined through Stable Isotope and Stomach Content Analyses. Water 2022, 14, 3159. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14193159
Shin D, Park TH, Lee C-I, Jo JH, Choi CG, Kang S, Park HJ. Feeding Ecology of Common Squid Todarodes pacificus in the South Sea of Korea Determined through Stable Isotope and Stomach Content Analyses. Water. 2022; 14(19):3159. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14193159
Chicago/Turabian StyleShin, Donghoon, Tae Hee Park, Chung-Il Lee, Jun Hyung Jo, Chang Geun Choi, Sukyung Kang, and Hyun Je Park. 2022. "Feeding Ecology of Common Squid Todarodes pacificus in the South Sea of Korea Determined through Stable Isotope and Stomach Content Analyses" Water 14, no. 19: 3159. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14193159
APA StyleShin, D., Park, T. H., Lee, C.-I., Jo, J. H., Choi, C. G., Kang, S., & Park, H. J. (2022). Feeding Ecology of Common Squid Todarodes pacificus in the South Sea of Korea Determined through Stable Isotope and Stomach Content Analyses. Water, 14(19), 3159. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14193159