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Article

Research and Application of the Mutual Feedback Mechanism of a Regional Natural-Social Dualistic Water Cycle: A Case Study in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, China

by
Huanyu Chang
1,2,
Xuefeng Sang
2,*,
Guohua He
2,
Qingming Wang
2,
Shan Jiang
2,
Fan He
2,
Haihong Li
2 and
Yong Zhao
2
1
Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2022, 14(20), 3227; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14203227
Submission received: 23 September 2022 / Revised: 9 October 2022 / Accepted: 10 October 2022 / Published: 13 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Hydrology)
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Abstract

With the intensification of human activities, the natural water cycle has a significant nature-society dual feature, and identifying the mutual feedback mechanism between natural and social water cycles is an important basis for a more accurate simulation of the dualistic water cycle. In this study, two indexes of cumulative runoff change rate and social water cycle feedback rate are put forward, representing the degree of change in socio-hydrological unit runoff under the mutual feedback of the natural social water cycle in all upstream regions, and the degree influence of the water intake, consumption, and discharge process of the social water cycle on the natural water cycle in the socio-hydrological unit, respectively. Taking the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, which is marked by strong human activities, as the study area, the 2035 natural-social dualistic water cycles were simulated by a water allocation and simulation (WAS) model. Different water supply types and use structures cause the social water cycle to increase or decrease local runoff in different areas. The social water cycle feedback rate is greater than 1 in Beijing and Tianjin, and less than 0.25 in the mountainous areas and the Hebei plain, indicating that the social water cycle of each unit in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region increases or decreases local runoff due to different water supply types and use structures. The cumulative runoff change rate in this region was 0.66, indicating that the overall runoff was attenuated due to the social water cycle, and runoff attenuation was greater in the south than the north.
Keywords: natural-social dualistic water cycles; Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei; WAS; cumulative runoff change rate; social water cycle feedback rate natural-social dualistic water cycles; Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei; WAS; cumulative runoff change rate; social water cycle feedback rate

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chang, H.; Sang, X.; He, G.; Wang, Q.; Jiang, S.; He, F.; Li, H.; Zhao, Y. Research and Application of the Mutual Feedback Mechanism of a Regional Natural-Social Dualistic Water Cycle: A Case Study in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, China. Water 2022, 14, 3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14203227

AMA Style

Chang H, Sang X, He G, Wang Q, Jiang S, He F, Li H, Zhao Y. Research and Application of the Mutual Feedback Mechanism of a Regional Natural-Social Dualistic Water Cycle: A Case Study in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, China. Water. 2022; 14(20):3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14203227

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang, Huanyu, Xuefeng Sang, Guohua He, Qingming Wang, Shan Jiang, Fan He, Haihong Li, and Yong Zhao. 2022. "Research and Application of the Mutual Feedback Mechanism of a Regional Natural-Social Dualistic Water Cycle: A Case Study in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, China" Water 14, no. 20: 3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14203227

APA Style

Chang, H., Sang, X., He, G., Wang, Q., Jiang, S., He, F., Li, H., & Zhao, Y. (2022). Research and Application of the Mutual Feedback Mechanism of a Regional Natural-Social Dualistic Water Cycle: A Case Study in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, China. Water, 14(20), 3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14203227

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