Evaluating Hydrological Drought Risk in Lithuania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Data
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Data Preparation
2.2.2. Drought Risk Calculation
- Number of hydrological droughts lasting 5–16 days—WSD;
- Number of hydrological droughts lasting more than 16 days—WLD;
- Average precipitation—R;
- Dependence of river runoff on rainfall—RD.
- Slope—S;
- Land use/land cover type—LULC;
- Morphological composition of soils—SL;
- Lake density—L.
2.2.3. Spatial Analysis
2.2.4. Index Calculation Method
Hydrological Drought Hazard Component Indices
- The number of droughts lasting 5–16 days and more than 16 days.
- Average precipitation.
- The impact of rainfall regime.
Hydrological Drought Vulnerability Component Indices
2.2.5. Rescaling Sets of Variables
3. Results
3.1. Hydrological Drought Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk at the Lithuanian Scale
3.2. Hydrological Drought Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk at the Hydrological Regions Scale
3.3. Hydrological Drought Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk at the Basins Scale
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Basin | Abbreviation | A, km2 |
---|---|---|---|
Nemunas river district | |||
1. | The small tributaries of the Nemunas river (with the Nemunas river) | SNM | 9294.3 |
2. | Merkys river basin | MER | 3781.0 |
3. | The small tributaries of the Neris river (with the Neris river) | SNR | 4378.6 |
4. | Žeimena river basin | ZEI | 2792.7 |
5. | Šventoji river basin | SVE | 6800.7 |
6. | Nevėžis river basin | NEV | 6143.8 |
7. | Dubysa river basin | DUB | 1972.6 |
8. | Jūra river basin | JUR | 3996.6 |
9. | Minija river basin | MIN | 2970.9 |
10. | Coastal rivers basin | COR | 1100.0 |
11. | Šešupė river basin | SSP | 4899.0 |
12. | Prieglius river basin | PRG | 88.4 |
Lielupe river district | |||
13. | Mūša river basin | MUS | 5296.7 |
14. | Nemunėlis river basin | NML | 1892.0 |
15. | The small tributaries of the Lielupe river | SLE | 1749.6 |
Venta river district | |||
16. | Venta river basin | VEN | 5140.4 |
17. | Bartuva river basin | BAR | 747.7 |
18. | Šventoji river basin | SVT | 398.0 |
Dauguva river district | |||
19. | Dauguva river basin | DUG | 1857.0 |
Variable | Limits of the Values Scale | Description |
---|---|---|
Number of droughts lasting 5–16 days | 16–75 events | Rescaled before use in GIS |
Number of droughts lasting more than 16 days | 27–55 events | Rescaled before use in GIS |
Average rainfall | 572–856 mm/yr | The minimum and maximum annual values in Lithuania were taken as limits for rescaling |
Dependence of river runoff on rainfall | 0–1 | In Lithuania, the maximum value of the river runoff dependence on the rainfall-type feeding is 0.63, and the minimum value is 0.19 |
Slope | 0–42.2 | Calculated from SRTM; calculated as an average for a catchment |
Land use/land cover type | Water—0 Forest—1 Semi-natural area—2 Pasture/grassland—3 Agricultural lands—4 Urban—5 | Calculated as an average for a catchment |
Morphological composition of soils | Sand—1 ↓ Heavy clay—10 | Given that clayey soils are associated with larger surface runoff and a certain dependence of these soils on the presence of intermittent rivers was revealed in previous work, it was decided to assign them the maximum vulnerability score; calculated as an average for a catchment |
Lake density | 0–30% | Lake density of 30% percent was taken as 0, as having the least impact on drought vulnerability in the region |
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Nazarenko, S.; Šarauskienė, D.; Putrenko, V.; Kriaučiūnienė, J. Evaluating Hydrological Drought Risk in Lithuania. Water 2023, 15, 2830. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152830
Nazarenko S, Šarauskienė D, Putrenko V, Kriaučiūnienė J. Evaluating Hydrological Drought Risk in Lithuania. Water. 2023; 15(15):2830. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152830
Chicago/Turabian StyleNazarenko, Serhii, Diana Šarauskienė, Viktor Putrenko, and Jūratė Kriaučiūnienė. 2023. "Evaluating Hydrological Drought Risk in Lithuania" Water 15, no. 15: 2830. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152830