A New Horizon-Scanning Tool to Identify Potential Aquatic Invasive Alien Species Introduced into the Baltic Sea by Shipping
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Horizon-Scanning Approach
- Step 1. List of species in regions climatically matched those in the Baltic Sea Region
- Step 2. Shipping as possible introduction pathways of potential IAS to the Baltic Sea
- Step 3. Selecting possible aquatic habitats of potential IAS to the Baltic Sea
- Step 4. Selecting the taxonomic groups of potential IAS in the Baltic Sea
- Step 5. Alien species were then screened using the criteria in [24]: only aquatic alien species that have not been recorded in the Baltic Sea or Baltic inland waters but are potentially able to reproduce in the target waters.
- Step 6. Inventory of the origin and environments of the species on the list of potential IAS for the target sea. The potential IAS are categorized according to the origin and environment.
Prioritization of the List of Potential IAS
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pathways in Horizon Scanning | Literature Sources |
---|---|
Hitchhikers on ship or boat | [32] |
Ship bilge water | [1,32] |
Ship ballast water and sediment | [1,32] |
Ship hull fouling | [3,32] |
Habitat Types Selected in Horizon Scanning Tool | Literature Sources |
---|---|
1. Freshwater | |
1.1. Freshwater | [33,35] |
1.2. Rivers/streams | [33,35] |
2. Brackish | |
2.1. Estuaries | [33,35] |
2.2. Lagoons | [33,35] |
3. Marine | |
3.1. Bays | [33,35] |
3.2. Benthic zone | [33,35] |
3.3. Inshore marine | [33,35] |
3.4. Marine | [33,35] |
3.5. Pelagic zone (offshore) | [33,35] |
4. Littoral | |
4.1. Coastal areas | [33,35] |
4.2. Rocky shores | [33,35] |
Species Scientific Name | Species Group | Origin | Environment Based on [27,41] |
---|---|---|---|
Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) | Fish | Asia | F, B, M |
Acentrogobius pflaumii (Bleeker, 1853) | Fish | Indonesia | B, M |
Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811) | Fish | North America | F, B, M |
Arcuatula senhousia (Benson, 1842) | Mollusk | Asia | M |
Asterias amurensis Djakonov, 1950 | Echinoderm | Northern Pacific | M |
Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927 | Tunicata | Northwest Pacific | M |
Bugula neritina Thornely, 1912 | Bryozoan | Cryptogenic | M |
Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 | Crustacean | Northern Europe and Asia | F, B, M |
Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray | Plant (Spermatophyta) | North America | F |
Channa micropeltes (Cuvier, 1831) | Fish | South-east Asia | F |
Charybdis japonica (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) | Crustacean | Western Pacific | M |
Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002 | Tunicata | Japan | M |
Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852) | Crustacean | North America | F |
Grateloupia turuturu Yamada, 1941 | Plant (Rhodophyta) | Asia | M |
Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle | Plant (Spermatophyta) | Asia, Africa and Australia | F |
Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) | Mollusk | Asia | F |
Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789) | Fish | North America | F, B, M |
Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. | Plant (Spermatophyta) | North America | F |
Mytilopsis sallei (Récluz, 1849) | Mollusk | Caribbean islands and the Bay of Mexico | B, M |
Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 | Mollusk | Mediterranean | M |
Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814) | Fish | North America | F, B |
Potamocorbula amurensis Schrenck, 1862 | Mollusk | Asia | B, M |
Pseudodiaptomus marinus Sato, 1913 | Crustacean | Indo-Pacific region | B, M |
Tricellaria inopinata d’Hondt & Occhipinti Ambrogi, 1985 | Bryozoan | Pacific | M |
Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Gill, 1859) | Fish | Asia | F, B, M |
Ulva pertusa Kjellman, 1897 | Plant (Chlorophyta) | Indo-Pacific region | M |
Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar, 1873 | Plant (Phaeophyta) | Asia | M |
Probability | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | Species Group | Origin | Establishment | Spread | Impact | Probability of Invasion |
Asterias amurensis | Echinoderm | Northern Pacific | 5 | 5 | 5 | 125 |
Botrylloides violaceus | Tunicata | Northwest Pacific | 5 | 5 | 5 | 125 |
Cabomba caroliniana | Plant (Spermatophyta) | North America | 5 | 5 | 5 | 125 |
Faxonius rusticus | Crustacean | North America | 5 | 5 | 5 | 125 |
Grateloupia turuturu | Plant (Rhodophyta) | Asia | 5 | 5 | 5 | 125 |
Hydrilla verticillata | Plant (Spermatophyta) | Asia, Africa, and Australia | 5 | 5 | 5 | 125 |
Limnoperna fortunei | Mollusk | Asia | 5 | 5 | 5 | 125 |
Myriophyllum heterophyllum | Plant (Spermatophyta) | North America | 5 | 5 | 5 | 125 |
Charybdis japonica | Crustacean | Western Pacific | 5 | 5 | 4 | 100 |
Didemnum vexillum | Tunicata | Japan | 5 | 5 | 4 | 100 |
Morone americana | Fish | North America | 5 | 5 | 4 | 100 |
Undaria pinnatifida | Plant (Phaeophyta) | Asia | 5 | 5 | 4 | 100 |
Potamocorbula amurensis | Mollusk | Asia | 5 | 4 | 5 | 100 |
Arcuatula senhousia | Mollusk | Asia | 4 | 5 | 5 | 100 |
Bythotrephes longimanus | Crustacean | Northern Europe and Asia | 5 | 5 | 3 | 75 |
Mytilopsis sallei | Mollusk | Caribbean islands and the Bay of Mexico | 5 | 5 | 3 | 75 |
Tricellaria inopinata | Bryozoan | Pacific | 5 | 5 | 3 | 75 |
Alosa pseudoharengus | Fish | North America | 3 | 5 | 5 | 75 |
Pseudodiaptomus marinus | Crustacean | Indo-Pacific region | 5 | 4 | 3 | 60 |
Mytilus galloprovincialis | Mollusk | Mediterranean | 5 | 5 | 2 | 50 |
Ulva pertusa | Plant (Chlorophyta) | Indo-Pacific region | 5 | 5 | 2 | 50 |
Perca flavescens | Fish | North America | 5 | 3 | 2 | 30 |
Acentrogobius pflaumii | Fish | Indonesia | 3 | 5 | 2 | 30 |
Acanthogobius flavimanus | Fish | Asia | 4 | 1 | 5 | 20 |
Channa micropeltes | Fish | South-east Asia | 3 | 3 | 2 | 18 |
Bugula neritina | Bryozoan | ? | 4 | 1 | 4 | 16 |
Tridentiger trigonocephalus | Fish | Asia | 1 | 5 | 1 | 5 |
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Dobrzycka-Krahel, A.; Medina-Villar, S. A New Horizon-Scanning Tool to Identify Potential Aquatic Invasive Alien Species Introduced into the Baltic Sea by Shipping. Water 2023, 15, 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030531
Dobrzycka-Krahel A, Medina-Villar S. A New Horizon-Scanning Tool to Identify Potential Aquatic Invasive Alien Species Introduced into the Baltic Sea by Shipping. Water. 2023; 15(3):531. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030531
Chicago/Turabian StyleDobrzycka-Krahel, Aldona, and Silvia Medina-Villar. 2023. "A New Horizon-Scanning Tool to Identify Potential Aquatic Invasive Alien Species Introduced into the Baltic Sea by Shipping" Water 15, no. 3: 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030531