Effects of Probiotics on the Water Quality, Growth Performance, Immunity, Digestion, and Intestinal Flora of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in the Biofloc Culture System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Probiotics
2.2. Experimental Design and Diet
2.3. Water Quality Monitoring and Measurement
2.4. Growth Performance
2.5. Sample Collection and Analysis
2.6. Microbiota Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Water Quality Parameter
3.2. Growth Performance
3.3. Plasma Immune Indices
3.4. Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity
3.5. Analysis of Intestinal Microbial Diversity
3.6. Analysis of Predominant Intestinal Flora
3.7. Microbial Community Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients | Composition of Diets (%) |
---|---|
White fish meal | 32.00 |
Gluten flour | 8.00 |
Soybean meal | 16.00 |
Corn starch | 24.98 |
Corn protein | 8.00 |
Soybean oil | 2.00 |
Soybean lecithin | 2.00 |
Fish oil | 0.50 |
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate | 2.00 |
Choline chloride | 0.50 |
Arginine | 0.37 |
Cholesterol | 0.50 |
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose | 2.00 |
Vitamin premix 1 | 0.50 |
Mineral premix 2 | 0.50 |
Magnesium sulfate | 0.15 |
Proximate composition (% dry matter) | |
Crude protein | 39.17 |
Crude lipid | 6.84 |
Ash | 10.00 |
Groups | IBW(g) | FBW (g) | SR (%) | SGR (%/Day) | WG (%) | FCR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Con | 2.09 ± 0.02 | 9.69 ± 0.26 b | 63.57 ± 2.01 | 2.55 ± 0.06 b | 364.37 ± 15.74 b | 1.45 ± 0.03 a |
BS | 2.09 ± 0.03 | 11.35 ± 0.21 a | 66.43 ± 1.32 | 2.82 ± 0.03 a | 443.10 ± 8.33 a | 1.35 ± 0.01 b |
EM | 2.09 ± 0.05 | 10.66 ± 0.29 a | 66.19 ± 3.01 | 2.71 ± 0.03 a | 409.09 ± 9.39 a | 1.39 ± 0.01 b |
Groups | SOD (U/mL) | MDA (nmol/mL) | ACP (U/100 mL) | LZM (μg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Con | 72.16 ± 2.24 b | 37.29 ± 0.26 b | 6.23 ± 0.08 b | 2.84 ± 0.05 b |
BS | 95.38 ± 1.70 a | 33.11 ± 0.40 c | 15.24 ± 0.30 a | 3.52 ± 0.09 a |
EM | 68.33 ± 2.28 b | 49.81 ± 0.28 a | 15.01 ± 0.59 a | 2.70 ± 0.17 b |
Groups | Amylase (U/mgprot) | Trypsin (U/mgprot) | Lipase (U/mgprot) |
---|---|---|---|
Con | 0.81 ± 0.12 | 283.41 ± 32.85 b | 11.23 ± 0.99 |
BS | 0.84 ± 0.14 | 615.66 ± 48.71 a | 14.00 ± 0.94 |
EM | 0.85 ± 0.14 | 285.08 ± 11.42 b | 11.88 ± 0.65 |
Groups | Chao | Ace | Shannon |
---|---|---|---|
Con | 656.65 ± 35.45 a | 648.90 ± 35.50 a | 1.91 ± 0.10 |
BS | 572.64 ± 20.86 ab | 610.32 ± 16.37 ab | 2.13 ± 0.15 |
EM | 450.74 ± 40.94 b | 502.62 ± 28.74 b | 1.66 ± 0.13 |
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Qiu, Z.; Xu, Q.; Li, S.; Zheng, D.; Zhang, R.; Zhao, J.; Wang, T. Effects of Probiotics on the Water Quality, Growth Performance, Immunity, Digestion, and Intestinal Flora of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in the Biofloc Culture System. Water 2023, 15, 1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061211
Qiu Z, Xu Q, Li S, Zheng D, Zhang R, Zhao J, Wang T. Effects of Probiotics on the Water Quality, Growth Performance, Immunity, Digestion, and Intestinal Flora of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in the Biofloc Culture System. Water. 2023; 15(6):1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061211
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiu, Zongsheng, Qiyou Xu, Shenghao Li, Dakua Zheng, Rongfei Zhang, Jianhua Zhao, and Ting Wang. 2023. "Effects of Probiotics on the Water Quality, Growth Performance, Immunity, Digestion, and Intestinal Flora of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in the Biofloc Culture System" Water 15, no. 6: 1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061211