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Open AccessArticle
Baffle-Enhanced Scour Mitigation in Rectangular and Trapezoidal Piano Key Weirs: An Experimental and Machine Learning Investigation
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Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-143, Iran
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Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Centre for Water Systems, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2024, 16(15), 2133; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152133 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 July 2024
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Revised: 19 July 2024
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Accepted: 24 July 2024
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Published: 27 July 2024
Abstract
The assessment of scour depth downstream of weirs holds paramount importance in ensuring the structural stability of these hydraulic structures. This study presents groundbreaking experimental investigations highlighting the innovative use of baffles to enhance energy dissipation and mitigate scour in the downstream beds of rectangular piano key weirs (RPKWs) and trapezoidal piano key weirs (TPKWs). By leveraging three state-of-the-art supervised machine learning algorithms—multi-layer perceptron (MLP), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and support vector regression (SVR)—to estimate scour hole parameters, this research showcases significant advancements in predictive modeling for scour analysis. Experimental results reveal that the incorporation of baffles leads to a remarkable 18–22% increase in energy dissipation and an 11–14% reduction in scour depth for both RPKWs and TPKWs. Specifically, introducing baffles in RPKWs resulted in a noteworthy 26.7% reduction in scour hole area and a 30.3% decrease in scour volume compared to RPKWs without baffles. Moreover, novel empirical equations were developed to estimate scour parameters, achieving impressive performance metrics with an average R2 = 0.951, RMSE = 0.145, and MRPE = 4.429%. The MLP models demonstrate superior performance in predicting maximum scour depth across all scenarios with an average R2 = 0.988, RMSE = 0.035, and MRPE = 1.036%. However, the predictive capabilities varied when estimating weir toe scour depth under diverse circumstances, with the XGBoost model proving more accurate in scenarios involving baffled TPKWs with R2 = 0.965, RMSE = 0.048, and MRPE = 2.798% than the MLP and SVR models. This research underscores the significant role of baffles in minimizing scouring effects in TPKWs compared to RPKWs, showcasing the potential for improved design and efficiency in water-management systems.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Abdi Chooplou, C.; Kahrizi, E.; Fathi, A.; Ghodsian, M.; Latifi, M.
Baffle-Enhanced Scour Mitigation in Rectangular and Trapezoidal Piano Key Weirs: An Experimental and Machine Learning Investigation. Water 2024, 16, 2133.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152133
AMA Style
Abdi Chooplou C, Kahrizi E, Fathi A, Ghodsian M, Latifi M.
Baffle-Enhanced Scour Mitigation in Rectangular and Trapezoidal Piano Key Weirs: An Experimental and Machine Learning Investigation. Water. 2024; 16(15):2133.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152133
Chicago/Turabian Style
Abdi Chooplou, Chonoor, Ehsan Kahrizi, Amirhossein Fathi, Masoud Ghodsian, and Milad Latifi.
2024. "Baffle-Enhanced Scour Mitigation in Rectangular and Trapezoidal Piano Key Weirs: An Experimental and Machine Learning Investigation" Water 16, no. 15: 2133.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152133
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