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Open AccessArticle
Effects of Patch Properties of Submerged Vegetation on Sediment Scouring and Deposition
by
Yantun Song
Yantun Song 1,*
,
Ruixiang Liu
Ruixiang Liu 1,
Qiong Yang
Qiong Yang 1,
Jiayi Li
Jiayi Li 1,
Chongfa Cai
Chongfa Cai
Prof. Dr. ChongFa Cai has been
a Professor at the Huazhong Agricultural University, School of since [...]
Prof. Dr. ChongFa Cai has been
a Professor at the Huazhong Agricultural University, School of Resources and
Environment since 2001. He worked at the College of Resources and Environment,
Huazhong Agricultural University, as an Associate Professor (1997–2001) and an Assistant
Professor (1991–1996). From 2011 to 2016, he was a director of the Key
Laboratory of Cultivated Land Conservation in the middle and lower reaches of
the Yangtze River for the Department of Agriculture. He studied for a Ph.D. degree at Huazhong Agricultural University from 1994 to 1998. From 2002 to 2003, he was a research
scholar in the Sediment Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture. In addition, he holds
many social and academic roles, an Associate Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of
Soil and Water Conservation, an executive Director of the Chinese Soil Society,
a member of the Agricultural Resources Professional Committee of the Chinese
Society of Natural Resources, a member of the Academic Committee of the
National Station for Field Scientific Observation and Research of Red Soil and so
on. His research direction is soil and water conservation and desertification
prevention: soil erosion mechanisms; Ecology: restoring ecology; Resource and
Environmental Information Engineering: Geographic Information and Remote
Sensing Applications and Soil Science: Soil Erosion and Soil Geography.
1,
Yifan Feng
Yifan Feng 1,
Guiyun Huang
Guiyun Huang 2,3,
Rong Hao
Rong Hao 1,
Hao Li
Hao Li 2,3,
Changhua Zhan
Changhua Zhan 1 and
Xiwang Wen
Xiwang Wen 1
1
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Soil and Water Conservation Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2
The Rare Plant Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443000, China
3
National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, Beijing 100038, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2024, 16(15), 2144; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152144 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 2 July 2024
/
Revised: 26 July 2024
/
Accepted: 26 July 2024
/
Published: 29 July 2024
Abstract
Vegetation plays a key role in trapping sediments and further controlling pollutants. However, few studies were conducted to clarify the erosion and deposition laws of sediments and the influence factors caused by vegetation patch properties, which is not conducive to the revelation of riverbank protection and erosion prevention. Therefore, this study investigated the change in scouring and deposition characteristics around submerged vegetation patches of nine kinds of typical configurations and their influencing factors. Vegetation patches were assembled from three vegetation densities (G/d = 0.83, 1.3, and 1.77, representing dense, medium, and sparse, respectively), and three vegetation patch thicknesses (dn = 170, 400, and 630, representing narrow, usual, and wide, respectively), to measure vegetation patch property influences. Flow velocity, scouring, and deposition characteristics under nine patches were determined by a hydraulic flume experiment, three-dimensional acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV), and three-dimensional laser scanner, and then ten geometry and morphology indices were measured and calculated based on the results of laser scanning. Results showed that both vegetation patch density and thickness were positively related to the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) above the vegetation canopy, and only vegetation patch density was negatively related to the flow velocity above the vegetation canopy. The relation between the product of density and vegetation patch thickness and erosion area in planform (EA) showed a power function (R2 = 0.644). Both density and vegetation patch thickness determined the scouring degree, but deposition location and amount did not rely on each one simply. On average, medium density showed the smallest maximum erosion length (MEL), EA, deposition area in planform (DA), and average deposition length (ADL) and a minimum of the above parameters also occurred at narrow vegetation patch thickness. The shape factor of the erosion volume (SFEV), the shape factor of the deposition volume (SFDV), ADL, and MEL of medium density and narrow thickness vegetation patch (G/d = 1.3, dn = 170) were significantly smaller than that of other types of patches. DA and equivalent prismatic erosion depth on the erosion area (EPED) were significantly linearly related (R2 = 0.766). Consequently, most sediment was deposited close to the vegetation patch edge. It is suggested that vegetation patch thickness and density should be given to control sediment transport. In particular, natural vegetation growth changes vegetation patch density and then alters vegetation patch thickness. Management and repair need to be first considered. The results of this study shed light on riparian zone recovery and vegetation filter strip mechanism.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Song, Y.; Liu, R.; Yang, Q.; Li, J.; Cai, C.; Feng, Y.; Huang, G.; Hao, R.; Li, H.; Zhan, C.;
et al. Effects of Patch Properties of Submerged Vegetation on Sediment Scouring and Deposition. Water 2024, 16, 2144.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152144
AMA Style
Song Y, Liu R, Yang Q, Li J, Cai C, Feng Y, Huang G, Hao R, Li H, Zhan C,
et al. Effects of Patch Properties of Submerged Vegetation on Sediment Scouring and Deposition. Water. 2024; 16(15):2144.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152144
Chicago/Turabian Style
Song, Yantun, Ruixiang Liu, Qiong Yang, Jiayi Li, Chongfa Cai, Yifan Feng, Guiyun Huang, Rong Hao, Hao Li, Changhua Zhan,
and et al. 2024. "Effects of Patch Properties of Submerged Vegetation on Sediment Scouring and Deposition" Water 16, no. 15: 2144.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152144
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