The Influence of the Morphological Characteristics of Mining-Induced Ground Fissures on the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Soil Moisture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. HYDRUS Model Creation
- (1)
- Numerical simulation parameter measurement.
- (2)
- Selection of water flow model and water characteristic curve.
- : Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity.
- : Soil residual volume moisture content.
- : Relative saturation of soil.
- : Soil saturation volume moisture content.
- a, n: Empirical functions determined by experiments.
- m: 1-1/n.
- h: Negative pressure head (cm).
- (3)
- Model time and output settings.
- (4)
- Initial conditions and hydraulic parameter settings of soil.
- (5)
- The addition of observation points and the setting of boundary conditions.
2.2. Accuracy Evaluation of HYDRUS Simulated Data and Measured Data
- RMSE: Root-mean-square error.
- RE: Relative error.
- S: The moisture content value simulated by HYDRUS.
- O: The measured moisture content value.
- n: The number of samples participating in the evaluation.
2.3. Simulating the Influence of Different Fissure Morphologies on Soil Moisture
2.3.1. Simulating Planar Fissures of Different Widths
- : The maximum moisture content of fissures with different shapes at the same location on the first day.
- : The minimum moisture content of fissures with different shapes at the same location on the first day.
- : The maximum moisture content of fissures with different shapes at the same location on the nth day.
- : The minimum moisture content of fissures with different shapes at the same location on the nth day.
- : The maximum moisture content of fissures with different shapes at the same location.
- n: Number of days participating in the operation.
2.3.2. Planar Fissures with Different Depths
2.3.3. Stepped Fissures with Different Widths
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. The Effect of Planar Fissures with Different Widths on Soil Moisture Transport
3.2. The Effect of Stepped Fissures with Different Widths on Soil Moisture Transport
3.3. The Influence of Planar Fissures at Different Depths on Soil Moisture Transport
3.4. Impact of Stepped Fissures at Different Depths on Soil Moisture Transport
3.5. Impact Differences of Different Ground Fissure Morphologies on Soil Moisture
- : The soil moisture content of stepped fissures.
- : The soil moisture content of planar fissures.
4. Discussion
4.1. Technical Advantages of Studying the Effect of Fissures on Soil Moisture Based on HYDRUS
4.2. Impact of Mining-Induced Fissures on Soil Moisture Transport
4.3. Impact of Fissure Morphological Factors on Soil Moisture Transport
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Qr (−) | Qs (−) | Alpha (1/cm) | n (−) | Ks (cm/day) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.0497 | 0.3935 | 0.0342 | 1.751 | 104.87 |
Time (d) | Evaporation Intensity (cm/d) | Time (d) | Evaporation Intensity (cm/d) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.68 | 11 | 0.58 |
2 | 0.43 | 12 | 0.4 |
3 | 0.74 | 13 | 0.65 |
4 | 0.84 | 14 | 0.54 |
5 | 0.62 | 15 | 0.5 |
6 | 0.57 | 16 | 0.47 |
7 | 0.65 | 17 | 0.6 |
8 | 0.47 | 18 | 0.63 |
9 | 0.55 | 19 | 0.77 |
10 | 0.51 | 20 | 0.71 |
Point | RMSE | RE | Point | RMSE | RE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 2.04 | 9.34% | A6 | 0.84 | 2.03% |
B1 | 2.49 | 19.91% | B6 | 1.13 | 6.29% |
C1 | 2.23 | 16.08% | C6 | 1.66 | 9.11% |
D1 | 2.65 | 18.15% | D6 | 2.48 | 15.66% |
E1 | 1.19 | 5.93% | E6 | 2.10 | 12.56% |
Mean | 2.12 | 13.88% | 1.64 | 9.13% |
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Song, Z.; Zhang, J.; Chi, M.; Guo, N.; Yang, S.; Guo, Y.; He, R.; Gao, Z. The Influence of the Morphological Characteristics of Mining-Induced Ground Fissures on the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Soil Moisture. Water 2024, 16, 2496. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172496
Song Z, Zhang J, Chi M, Guo N, Yang S, Guo Y, He R, Gao Z. The Influence of the Morphological Characteristics of Mining-Induced Ground Fissures on the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Soil Moisture. Water. 2024; 16(17):2496. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172496
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Ziheng, Jian Zhang, Mingbo Chi, Nan Guo, Shang Yang, Yangnan Guo, Ruimin He, and Ze Gao. 2024. "The Influence of the Morphological Characteristics of Mining-Induced Ground Fissures on the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Soil Moisture" Water 16, no. 17: 2496. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172496