Figure 1.
Location of the experiment at NRC’s Agricultural Research Station (Abo-Kalam Farm) Tor, South Sinai, Egypt.
Figure 1.
Location of the experiment at NRC’s Agricultural Research Station (Abo-Kalam Farm) Tor, South Sinai, Egypt.
Figure 2.
Graph of the studied split-split-plot design experiments.
Figure 2.
Graph of the studied split-split-plot design experiments.
Figure 3.
Organo–mineral–natural resources are identified by FTIR spectroscopy: (a–d) function groups’ intensity of elemental sulfur and rock phosphate, feldspar (potassium source) peak, and humic acid.
Figure 3.
Organo–mineral–natural resources are identified by FTIR spectroscopy: (a–d) function groups’ intensity of elemental sulfur and rock phosphate, feldspar (potassium source) peak, and humic acid.
Figure 4.
The general individual effect of organo–mineral–natural resources on sorghum biomass yield tons/fed, where: C1S1, C2S2, C3S3, and C4S4: (Compost (C) rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur (S) rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5 and 0 kg/fed). Different letters in the figures show significant differences according to the Tukey–Kramer test (p = 0.05).
Figure 4.
The general individual effect of organo–mineral–natural resources on sorghum biomass yield tons/fed, where: C1S1, C2S2, C3S3, and C4S4: (Compost (C) rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur (S) rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5 and 0 kg/fed). Different letters in the figures show significant differences according to the Tukey–Kramer test (p = 0.05).
Figure 5.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on total sorghum biomass tons/fed, where: C1S1, C2S2, C3S3, and C4S4: Compost (C) rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur (S) rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.
Figure 5.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on total sorghum biomass tons/fed, where: C1S1, C2S2, C3S3, and C4S4: Compost (C) rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur (S) rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.
Figure 6.
General individual residual effect of organo–mineral–natural resources on pea pod yield kg/fed, where: C1S1, C2S2, C3S3, and C4S4: (Compost (C) rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur (S) rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), RF: natural rock fertilizers (rock phosphate and feldspar), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed). Different letters in the figures show significant differences according to the Tukey–Kramer test (p = 0.05).
Figure 6.
General individual residual effect of organo–mineral–natural resources on pea pod yield kg/fed, where: C1S1, C2S2, C3S3, and C4S4: (Compost (C) rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur (S) rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), RF: natural rock fertilizers (rock phosphate and feldspar), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed). Different letters in the figures show significant differences according to the Tukey–Kramer test (p = 0.05).
Figure 7.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on saturated hydraulic conductivity of saline soil, where: C1, C2, C3, and C4: (Compost rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed +mineral sulfur rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed).
Figure 7.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on saturated hydraulic conductivity of saline soil, where: C1, C2, C3, and C4: (Compost rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed +mineral sulfur rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed).
Figure 8.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on soil hydraulic conductivity (Hc); N, Na, and K concentrations % in the sorghum plant leaves; sorghum water productivity, where: C1, C2, C3, and C4: (Compost rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed).
Figure 8.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on soil hydraulic conductivity (Hc); N, Na, and K concentrations % in the sorghum plant leaves; sorghum water productivity, where: C1, C2, C3, and C4: (Compost rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed).
Figure 9.
The residual effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on saturated hydraulic conductivity of saline soil, where: C1, C2, C3, and C4: (Compost rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed).
Figure 9.
The residual effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on saturated hydraulic conductivity of saline soil, where: C1, C2, C3, and C4: (Compost rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed).
Figure 10.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on sorghum biomass water productivity (kg/m3), where: C1, C2, C3, and C4: (Compost rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed).
Figure 10.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on sorghum biomass water productivity (kg/m3), where: C1, C2, C3, and C4: (Compost rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, and H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed).
Figure 11.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on net profits, where: C1S1, C2S2, C3S3, where C1S1, C2S2, C3S3, and C4S4: (Compost (C) rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur (S) rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed), and LE: Egyptian pound, fed = 4200 m2.
Figure 11.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on net profits, where: C1S1, C2S2, C3S3, where C1S1, C2S2, C3S3, and C4S4: (Compost (C) rate at 4, 6, 8, and 10 tons/fed + mineral sulfur (S) rate at 400, 500, 600, and 700 kg/fed.), FR: natural rock fertilizers (feldspar and rock phosphate), PK: artificial fertilizers, H: humic acid (10, 5, and 0 kg/fed), and LE: Egyptian pound, fed = 4200 m2.
Table 1.
Chemical and hydrophysical analysis of the initial soil before crop cultivation.
Table 1.
Chemical and hydrophysical analysis of the initial soil before crop cultivation.
pH * | ECs dSm−1 | Anions (Meq/L) | Cations (Meq/L) |
---|
CO3 | HCO3 | Cl | SO4 | Ca | Mg | Na | K |
---|
8.01 | 20.5 | - | 2.9 | 180.4 | 36.7 | 58.6 | 47.8 | 111.6 | 2 |
Mechanical analysis of soil | Hydrophysical analysis of soil |
Coarse sand % | Fine sand % | Silt % | Clay % | Texture | Soil saturation % | Soil field capacity % | Wilting point % | Soil bulk density Mg/m3 | Hydraulic conductivity m/day |
23.3 | 28.9 | 29.5 | 18.3 | Sandy loam | 35 | 20.6 | 8.7 | 1.5 | 0.11 |
Table 2.
Chemical analysis of Beer Abo-Kalam feed water, including permeation and rejection [
22,
23].
Table 2.
Chemical analysis of Beer Abo-Kalam feed water, including permeation and rejection [
22,
23].
Parameter | Saline Well Water (Feed Water) | Permeate Water | Rejected Concentrate Saline Water |
---|
pH | 7.35 | 7.26 | 7.8 |
EC dSm−1 | 7.43 | 0.59 | 14.01 |
TDS ppm (mg/L) | 5950 | 187.6 | 11,208 |
Calcium | 1165 | 49 | 61.5 |
Magnesium | 238 | 19.2 | 168 |
Sodium | 1591.6 | 87 | 3606 |
Potassium | 7.92 | 0.39 | 10.53 |
HCO3− | 159 | 31.1 | 398.35 |
Cl− | 1902 | 66.5 | 4790 |
SO4− | 2436 | 66.56 | 8248 |
Iron | 0.12 | <0.01 | 0.8 |
Manganese | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.17 |
Table 3.
The chemical analysis of compost.
Table 3.
The chemical analysis of compost.
C/N Ratio * | O.M % | O.C % | Elements (%) |
---|
N | P | K | Ca | Mg |
---|
24 | 49.68 | 28.81 | 1.2 | 0.14 | 0.56 | 4.13 | 0.8 |
Elements (ppm) |
Fe | Cu | Mn | B | Zn | Ni | Cd | Pb |
6673.4 | 36.3 | 243.1 | 11.1 | 90.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Table 4.
Sorghum crop parameters under study are used in minimum data input calibration of sorghum plus the original AquaCrop default sorghum crop file value.
Table 4.
Sorghum crop parameters under study are used in minimum data input calibration of sorghum plus the original AquaCrop default sorghum crop file value.
Parameter | Sorghum Under Study | Default Sorghum Crop File |
---|
Planting date | 28 May 2015 | |
Planting density (plants/ha) | 44,444 | 44,444 |
Time to crop establishment (days) | 14 | 14 |
Maximum canopy cover (%) | 81.2 | 89 |
Time to maximum canopy cover % | 75 | 84 |
Time to flowering (days) | 74 | 70 |
Duration of flowering (days) | 14 | 27 |
Time to canopy senescence (days) | 126 | 98 |
Time to physiological maturity (days) | 140 | 140 |
Table 5.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on sorghum plant parameters.
Table 5.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on sorghum plant parameters.
Treatments * | Plant Height cm | Fresh Plant Weight g | Dry Plant Weight g | Dry Leaves Weight per Plant g | Panicle Length cm | Fresh Panicles Weight g | Dry Panicle Weight g | Panicles Yield kg/fed | Seed Index | Sorghum Biomass Yield ton/fed | Observed Crop Water Productivity kg/m3 | Simulated Crop Water Productivity kg/m3 |
---|
C1S1 | FR | H3 | 133 | 373.33 | 237.32 | 63.83 | 19.33 | 51.75 | 45.25 | 655.51 | 2.52 | 15.68 | 4.48 | 4.78 |
H2 | 132.33 | 346.67 | 207.94 | 50.15 | 22 | 32.62 | 39.91 | 637 | 2.44 | 14.56 | 4.16 | 4.38 |
H1 | 130.33 | 255 | 179.2 | 45.17 | 22.67 | 29.59 | 25.12 | 364.83 | 2.68 | 10.71 | 3.06 | 3.19 |
PK | H3 | 126.33 | 388.33 | 244.67 | 53.24 | 21 | 36.56 | 56.75 | 767.66 | 2.74 | 16.31 | 4.66 | 5.02 |
H2 | 122.33 | 366.67 | 232.56 | 67.29 | 22.33 | 24.96 | 42.32 | 524.19 | 2.5 | 15.4 | 4.4 | 4.56 |
H1 | 114.33 | 306.67 | 188.57 | 54.03 | 24 | 31.59 | 32.81 | 413.28 | 2.5 | 12.88 | 3.68 | 3.8 |
C2S2 | FR | H3 | 137.67 | 408.33 | 242.38 | 68.08 | 21.33 | 63.73 | 42.89 | 686.21 | 2.6 | 17.15 | 4.9 | 5.14 |
H2 | 131 | 360 | 197.7 | 55.89 | 20.33 | 42.94 | 27.2 | 625.06 | 2.41 | 15.12 | 4.32 | 4.47 |
H1 | 129.67 | 296.67 | 183.09 | 47.98 | 21.67 | 32.07 | 26.82 | 515.05 | 2.2 | 12.46 | 3.56 | 3.68 |
PK | H3 | 141.67 | 423.33 | 235.8 | 71.27 | 19.33 | 42.84 | 47 | 767.93 | 2.28 | 17.78 | 5.08 | 5.43 |
H2 | 127.67 | 348.33 | 213.94 | 66.36 | 19 | 48.59 | 30.96 | 648.97 | 2.19 | 14.63 | 4.18 | 4.36 |
H1 | 123.33 | 328.33 | 184.91 | 51.55 | 19.33 | 28.83 | 23.83 | 589.69 | 1.68 | 13.79 | 3.94 | 4.17 |
C3S3 | FR | H3 | 134.67 | 353.33 | 210.72 | 51.2 | 21.33 | 30.85 | 36.24 | 531.31 | 2.23 | 14.84 | 4.24 | 4.39 |
H2 | 130.67 | 281.67 | 193.38 | 46.12 | 20.5 | 49.62 | 29.72 | 499.27 | 2.07 | 11.83 | 3.38 | 3.54 |
H1 | 126.67 | 260 | 161.49 | 43.58 | 20 | 24.06 | 18.55 | 421.33 | 2.75 | 10.92 | 3.12 | 3.28 |
PK | H3 | 125.67 | 373.33 | 213.78 | 54.98 | 18.67 | 31.76 | 41.79 | 550.66 | 2.33 | 15.68 | 4.48 | 4.84 |
H2 | 127.67 | 325 | 192.96 | 49.47 | 20.67 | 32.11 | 27.55 | 487.72 | 1.62 | 13.65 | 3.9 | 4.14 |
H1 | 115.67 | 293.33 | 145.35 | 48.22 | 19.67 | 26.81 | 19.39 | 431.97 | 2.1 | 12.32 | 3.52 | 3.75 |
C4S4 | FR | H3 | 127.33 | 316.67 | 140.62 | 44.54 | 21.67 | 14.34 | 23.35 | 172.55 | 1.83 | 13.3 | 3.8 | 4.06 |
H2 | 125.67 | 300 | 148.95 | 41.05 | 18.33 | 16.03 | 23.87 | 224.41 | 1.3 | 12.6 | 3.6 | 3.8 |
H1 | 115.33 | 266.67 | 144.37 | 34.57 | 18.67 | 20.66 | 27.43 | 313.49 | 2.16 | 11.2 | 3.2 | 3.4 |
PK | H3 | 120 | 258.33 | 158.11 | 34.08 | 17.33 | 10.24 | 22.46 | 128.98 | 1 | 10.85 | 3.1 | 3.27 |
H2 | 121 | 266.67 | 132.83 | 36.23 | 17.33 | 10.39 | 18.63 | 143.04 | 0.94 | 11.2 | 3.2 | 4.29 |
H1 | 123 | 283.33 | 111.45 | 38.44 | 19 | 12.47 | 14.44 | 254.58 | 1.87 | 11.9 | 3.4 | 2.79 |
LSD 0.05 | 7.25 | 55.49 | 29.07 | 4.43 | 1.09 | 18.87 | 9.21 | 44.5 | 0.66 | 2.33 | 0.67 | 0.71 |
Table 6.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on nutrient uptake of the sorghum plant at harvest.
Table 6.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on nutrient uptake of the sorghum plant at harvest.
Treatments * | N Uptake kg/fed | K Uptake kg/fed | P Uptake kg/fed | Na Uptake kg/fed | Ca Uptake kg/fed | K/Na | Ca/Na | Ca/K Na |
---|
C1S1 | FR | H3 | 35.26 | 18.68 | 2.61 | 7.01 | 1.75 | 0.221 | 2.66 | 4.55 |
H2 | 27.86 | 13.46 | 1.61 | 7.27 | 2.61 | 0.315 | 1.86 | 4.74 |
H1 | 21.42 | 12.02 | 1.11 | 7.45 | 2.88 | 0.342 | 1.61 | 4.39 |
PK | H3 | 34.52 | 15.16 | 1.32 | 5.32 | 2.25 | 0.355 | 2.87 | 6.38 |
H2 | 26.89 | 14.81 | 1.60 | 4.69 | 2.04 | 0.362 | 3.16 | 6.45 |
H1 | 26.76 | 12.34 | 1.85 | 5.56 | 2.94 | 0.501 | 2.12 | 5.99 |
C2S2 | FR | H3 | 38.86 | 18.00 | 2.51 | 5.68 | 1.58 | 0.237 | 3.17 | 4.92 |
H2 | 23.99 | 20.76 | 1.42 | 5.98 | 1.07 | 0.153 | 3.49 | 3.70 |
H1 | 22.08 | 11.01 | 1.20 | 5.6 | 2.26 | 0.343 | 1.98 | 4.38 |
PK | H3 | 30.92 | 19.01 | 1.78 | 5.22 | 1.54 | 0.247 | 3.64 | 5.53 |
H2 | 28.45 | 20.33 | 1.36 | 7.85 | 1.47 | 0.162 | 2.68 | 3.73 |
H1 | 21.99 | 9.17 | 1.12 | 4.73 | 1.65 | 0.285 | 2.06 | 3.18 |
C3S3 | FR | H3 | 25.42 | 14.36 | 1.90 | 5.81 | 1.81 | 0.262 | 2.56 | 4.42 |
H2 | 22.45 | 12.62 | 1.81 | 5.44 | 2.51 | 0.389 | 2.32 | 5.78 |
H1 | 19.70 | 13.42 | 1.61 | 5.72 | 1.84 | 0.282 | 2.51 | 4.05 |
PK | H3 | 26.03 | 14.06 | 1.73 | 6.14 | 1.95 | 0.286 | 2.35 | 4.55 |
H2 | 22.56 | 12.49 | 1.20 | 6.32 | 2.13 | 0.291 | 1.99 | 4.16 |
H1 | 21.20 | 8.03 | 0.96 | 6.47 | 1.91 | 0.276 | 1.22 | 2.24 |
C4S4 | FR | H3 | 19.13 | 8.12 | 1.13 | 5.93 | 2.18 | 0.311 | 1.39 | 2.97 |
H2 | 19.69 | 9.17 | 1.40 | 4.95 | 1.83 | 0.311 | 1.96 | 3.40 |
H1 | 19.27 | 7.89 | 1.13 | 2.86 | 1.37 | 0.355 | 2.75 | 3.78 |
PK | H3 | 21.26 | 4.19 | 1.27 | 1.87 | 1.87 | 0.67 | 2.36 | 4.40 |
H2 | 13.59 | 8.75 | 0.84 | 2.55 | 0.67 | 0.286 | 3.42 | 3.10 |
H1 | 15.33 | 7.43 | 0.77 | 3.52 | 1.23 | 0.271 | 2.10 | 2.57 |
LSD 0.05 | 7.58 | 3.64 | 0.72 | 0.67 | 1.29 | 1.896 | 1.105 | 0.119 |
Table 7.
Multiple correlations among sorghum yield and growth parameters under the effect of the studied treatments.
Table 7.
Multiple correlations among sorghum yield and growth parameters under the effect of the studied treatments.
| Plant Height cm | Panicle Length cm | Fresh Plant w. g | Dry Leaves w. g | Dry Panicle w. g | Dry Stem w. g | No. of Panicles | Mean Fresh Plant Weight g | Dry Plant w. g | Mean Fresh Panicle w. g | Dry Panicles W. kg/fed | Seed Index | Sorghum Biomass Yield ton/fed |
---|
Plant height cm | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Panicle length cm | 0.16 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fresh plant w. | 0.59 | 0.18 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
Dry leaves w. g | 0.54 | 0.32 | 0.86 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
Dry panicle w. g | 0.47 | 0.29 | 0.83 | 0.71 | 1 | | | | | | | | |
Dry stem w. g | 0.57 | 0.34 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.79 | 1 | | | | | | | |
Panicles no. | −0.12 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 1 | | | | | | |
Mean fresh plant weight g | 0.62 | 0.29 | 0.64 | 0.77 | 0.6 | 0.75 | −0.23 | 1 | | | | | |
Dry plant w. g | 0.59 | 0.35 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.9 | 0.95 | 0.1 | 0.79 | 1 | | | | |
Mean fresh panicles W. | 0.62 | 0.29 | 0.64 | 0.77 | 0.6 | 0.75 | −0.23 | 1 | 0.79 | 1 | | | |
Dry panicles W. | 0.58 | 0.3 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.76 | 0.81 | 0.31 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 1 | | |
Seed index | 0.33 | 0.63 | 0.43 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.27 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.67 | 1 | |
Sorghum biomass yield ton/fed | 0.59 | 0.18 | 1 | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.67 | 0.23 | 0.64 | 0.83 | 0.64 | 0.81 | 0.43 | 1 |
Table 8.
Multiple correlations among nutrient uptake of sorghum plant under the effect of the studied treatments.
Table 8.
Multiple correlations among nutrient uptake of sorghum plant under the effect of the studied treatments.
| K/Na | N Uptake kg/fed | K Uptake kg/fed | P Uptake kg/fed | Na Uptake kg/fed | Ca Uptake kg/fed | Yield of Sorghum Biomass ton/fed |
---|
K/Na | 1 | | | | | | |
N uptake kg/fed | 0.453 | 1 | | | | | |
K uptake kg/fed | 0.608 | 0.729 | 1 | | | | |
P uptake kg/fed | 0.353 | 0.787 | 0.632 | 1 | | | |
Na uptake kg/fed | −0.288 | 0.359 | 0.568 | 0.342 | 1 | | |
Ca uptake kg/fed | 0.106 | 0.623 | 0.440 | 0.558 | 0.391 | 1 | |
Yield of sorghum biomass ton/fed | 0.373 | 0.825 | 0.749 | 0.593 | 0.480 | 0.438 | 1 |
Table 9.
Residual effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on pea plant parameters.
Table 9.
Residual effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on pea plant parameters.
Treatment * | Pea Plant Length cm | No. of Pods | Fresh Pod Weight/Plant g | No. of Seed | Fresh Seed Weight/Plant g | Dry Seeds Weight g | Dry Pea Plant Weight g | Pod Yield kg/fed | Observed Crop Water Productivity kg/m3 | Simulated Crop Water Productivity kg/m3 |
---|
C1S1 | FR | H3 | 67 | 20.33 | 42.74 | 81 | 20.47 | 10.49 | 16.1 | 1197 | 0.69 | 1.01 |
H2 | 69.67 | 25.67 | 54.57 | 90.33 | 23.77 | 15.06 | 18.07 | 1528 | 0.88 | 1.29 |
H1 | 74.33 | 33.67 | 75.66 | 98.33 | 35.56 | 22.37 | 22.96 | 2118 | 1.22 | 1.79 |
PK | H3 | 61 | 14.67 | 33.93 | 63.33 | 18.7 | 11.73 | 10.45 | 950 | 0.55 | 0.8 |
H2 | 67.33 | 21.33 | 48.66 | 85.67 | 22.53 | 14.84 | 13.03 | 1363 | 0.78 | 1.15 |
H1 | 71.33 | 31.67 | 56.14 | 94 | 28.18 | 18.31 | 17.89 | 1572 | 0.9 | 1.33 |
C2S2 | FR | H3 | 68.33 | 15.33 | 31.97 | 63.67 | 18.37 | 7.79 | 9.12 | 895.2 | 0.51 | 0.76 |
H2 | 72.33 | 23.33 | 57.21 | 88 | 27.25 | 17.8 | 16.39 | 1602 | 0.92 | 1.35 |
H1 | 75.67 | 42.33 | 101.58 | 114.7 | 46.14 | 25.69 | 29.54 | 2844 | 1.63 | 2.4 |
PK | H3 | 63.33 | 17.67 | 32.77 | 64.67 | 14.34 | 11.17 | 11.67 | 917.5 | 0.53 | 0.78 |
H2 | 67.33 | 22.67 | 41.03 | 84.33 | 24.42 | 12.97 | 14.82 | 1149 | 0.66 | 0.97 |
H1 | 69.33 | 26.33 | 58.18 | 95 | 29.18 | 15.07 | 19 | 1629 | 0.94 | 1.38 |
C3S3 | FR | H3 | 75.33 | 14 | 31.38 | 64.67 | 17.14 | 9.45 | 8.17 | 878.6 | 0.5 | 0.74 |
H2 | 67 | 21.33 | 43.48 | 81 | 22.6 | 12.13 | 12.27 | 1218 | 0.7 | 1.03 |
H1 | 75.67 | 23.67 | 49.91 | 72.67 | 24.29 | 14.29 | 17.16 | 1398 | 0.8 | 1.18 |
PK | H3 | 61.33 | 17.33 | 22.38 | 54.67 | 13.43 | 8.31 | 8.72 | 626.7 | 0.36 | 0.53 |
H2 | 72 | 20.33 | 35.92 | 72 | 21.24 | 12.61 | 12.36 | 1006 | 0.58 | 0.85 |
H1 | 64.33 | 24.33 | 45.41 | 91.33 | 22.94 | 15.54 | 13.68 | 1271 | 0.73 | 1.07 |
C4S4 | FR | H3 | 70.67 | 21 | 43.98 | 87.33 | 20.72 | 12.03 | 16.8 | 1231 | 0.71 | 1.04 |
H2 | 67.33 | 13.33 | 23.49 | 61 | 12.93 | 8.68 | 12.78 | 657.7 | 0.38 | 0.56 |
H1 | 66.33 | 8.67 | 13.2 | 44.33 | 8.26 | 5.36 | 7.6 | 369.5 | 0.21 | 0.31 |
PK | H3 | 61.33 | 17.33 | 32.21 | 65.33 | 16.87 | 6.19 | 12.08 | 901.9 | 0.52 | 0.76 |
H2 | 66 | 21 | 36.66 | 69.33 | 18.19 | 9.12 | 13.92 | 1026 | 0.59 | 0.87 |
H1 | 68.33 | 21.33 | 41.65 | 75.67 | 20.45 | 11.15 | 17.63 | 1166 | 0.67 | 0.99 |
LSD 0.05 | 7.1 | 2.67 | 4.44 | 4.05 | 2.66 | 2.82 | 2.02 | 124.3 | 0.07 | 0.11 |
Table 10.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on saline soil hydrophysical properties.
Table 10.
Effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on saline soil hydrophysical properties.
Treatment * | Soil Bulk Density Mg/m3 | Total Porosity % | Void Ratio | Soil Water Saturation % | Mean Diameter of Pore µm |
---|
C1S1 | FR | H3 | 1.22 | 53.79 | 1.16 | 36.23 | 3.79 |
H2 | 1.22 | 53.98 | 1.18 | 39.10 | 3.81 |
H1 | 1.32 | 50.05 | 1.00 | 29.60 | 1.84 |
PK | H3 | 1.23 | 53.67 | 1.16 | 43.26 | 3.17 |
H2 | 1.22 | 53.78 | 1.16 | 38.04 | 3.67 |
H1 | 1.22 | 54.09 | 1.18 | 35.40 | 3.22 |
C2S2 | FR | H3 | 1.17 | 55.92 | 1.27 | 48.00 | 4.19 |
H2 | 1.15 | 56.44 | 1.30 | 45.96 | 3.07 |
H1 | 1.25 | 52.69 | 1.11 | 38.12 | 1.58 |
PK | H3 | 1.13 | 57.23 | 1.34 | 49.29 | 4.16 |
H2 | 1.20 | 54.88 | 1.22 | 38.73 | 2.60 |
H1 | 1.21 | 54.24 | 1.19 | 37.18 | 2.32 |
C3S3 | FR | H3 | 1.18 | 55.43 | 1.25 | 36.41 | 2.63 |
H2 | 1.31 | 50.57 | 1.02 | 35.82 | 1.96 |
H1 | 1.32 | 50.29 | 1.01 | 33.67 | 1.96 |
PK | H3 | 1.15 | 56.56 | 1.30 | 39.04 | 2.69 |
H2 | 1.26 | 52.63 | 1.12 | 36.44 | 1.78 |
H1 | 1.34 | 49.44 | 0.98 | 35.72 | 1.32 |
C4S4 | FR | H3 | 1.28 | 51.65 | 1.07 | 36.06 | 1.48 |
H2 | 1.30 | 51.00 | 1.04 | 35.02 | 1.25 |
H1 | 1.35 | 49.22 | 0.97 | 35.43 | 1.08 |
PK | H3 | 1.31 | 50.65 | 1.03 | 33.91 | 1.17 |
H2 | 1.40 | 47.15 | 0.89 | 35.35 | 1.18 |
H1 | 1.48 | 44.24 | 0.80 | 34.95 | 1.10 |
LSD 0.05 | 0.06 | 2.36 | 0.11 | 2.65 | 0.15 |
Table 11.
Multiple correlations between the yield of fresh sorghum biomass and some soil hydrophysical properties under the effect of soil amendments.
Table 11.
Multiple correlations between the yield of fresh sorghum biomass and some soil hydrophysical properties under the effect of soil amendments.
| Soil Bulk Density Mg/m3 | Total Porosity % | Void Ratio | Soil Water Saturation % | Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity m/day | Mean Diameter of Pore µm | Yield Fresh Sorghum Biomass ton/fed |
---|
Soil bulk density Mg/m3 | 1 | | | | | | |
Total porosity % | −0.999 | 1 | | | | | |
Void ratio | −0.995 | 0.996 | 1 | | | | |
Soil water saturation % | −0.663 | 0.664 | 0.700 | 1 | | | |
Saturated hydraulic conductivity m/day | −0.726 | 0.723 | 0.736 | 0.711 | 1 | | |
Mean diameter of pore µm | −0.783 | 0.781 | 0.790 | 0.684 | 0.987 | 1 | |
Yield of fresh sorghum biomass ton/fed | −0.809 | 0.808 | 0.832 | 0.833 | 0.845 | 0.851 | 1 |
Table 12.
Residual effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on saline soil’s hydrophysical properties.
Table 12.
Residual effect of the organo–mineral–natural resources on saline soil’s hydrophysical properties.
Treatment * | Soil Bulk Density Mg/m3 | Total Porosity % | Void Ratio | Soil Water Saturation % | Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity m/day | Mean Diameter of Soil Pore µm |
---|
C1S1 | FR | H3 | 1.28 | 51.70 | 1.07 | 35.75 | 4.92 | 13.69 |
H2 | 1.24 | 53.38 | 1.15 | 44.13 | 3.28 | 11.11 |
H1 | 1.38 | 47.90 | 0.92 | 26.88 | 2.01 | 8.74 |
PK | H3 | 1.26 | 52.30 | 1.10 | 36.30 | 1.57 | 7.73 |
H2 | 1.17 | 55.72 | 1.26 | 37.46 | 1.47 | 7.49 |
H1 | 1.13 | 57.41 | 1.35 | 41.25 | 2.02 | 8.76 |
C2S2 | FR | H3 | 1.13 | 57.42 | 1.35 | 40.51 | 3.44 | 11.46 |
H2 | 1.15 | 56.68 | 1.31 | 42.78 | 1.55 | 7.68 |
H1 | 1.22 | 53.90 | 1.17 | 40.44 | 0.63 | 4.90 |
PK | H3 | 1.19 | 55.07 | 1.23 | 39.50 | 1.23 | 6.81 |
H2 | 1.17 | 55.74 | 1.26 | 40.30 | 2.15 | 9.05 |
H1 | 1.18 | 55.60 | 1.25 | 42.80 | 5.29 | 14.19 |
C3S3 | FR | H3 | 1.12 | 57.73 | 1.37 | 46.44 | 6.75 | 15.97 |
H2 | 1.12 | 57.62 | 1.36 | 42.09 | 4.94 | 13.63 |
H1 | 1.10 | 58.42 | 1.41 | 54.40 | 0.86 | 5.74 |
PK | H3 | 1.17 | 55.71 | 1.26 | 41.61 | 3.51 | 11.51 |
H2 | 1.14 | 57.14 | 1.33 | 44.27 | 6.26 | 15.38 |
H1 | 1.23 | 53.65 | 1.16 | 45.82 | 3.73 | 11.92 |
C4S4 | FR | H3 | 1.21 | 54.50 | 1.20 | 41.81 | 1.17 | 6.56 |
H2 | 1.26 | 52.42 | 1.10 | 44.43 | 2.41 | 9.54 |
H1 | 1.35 | 48.98 | 0.96 | 43.76 | 1.97 | 8.59 |
PK | H3 | 1.25 | 52.82 | 1.12 | 45.83 | 2.14 | 8.83 |
H2 | 1.21 | 54.18 | 1.18 | 45.84 | 2.16 | 8.83 |
H1 | 1.27 | 52.00 | 1.08 | 41.78 | 2.03 | 8.65 |
LSD 0.05 = | 0.03 | 0.94 | 0.04 | 1.22 | 0.86 | 1.22 |