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Article

Research on Urban Flood Risk Assessment Based on Improved Structural Equation Modeling (ISEM) and the Extensible Matter-Element Analysis Method (EMAM)

1
Guangdong Aike Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China
2
Beifang Investigation, Design & Research Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300222, China
3
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Characteristics & Engineering Environment, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
4
Laboratory of Applied Disaster Prevention in Water Conservation Engineering of Jilin Province‌, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130103, China
5
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
6
Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
7
Tongzhou District Water Authority of Beijing Municipality, Beijing 101100, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2025, 17(13), 2025; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17132025 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 23 May 2025 / Revised: 27 June 2025 / Accepted: 29 June 2025 / Published: 5 July 2025

Abstract

With the rapid development of the global economy, urban flood events are occurring more frequently. Scientific risk assessment methods are of great significance in reducing the loss of life and property. This study is devoted to developing an integrated urban flood risk assessment approach based on improved structural equation modeling and the extensible matter-element analysis method. Firstly, a flood risk assessment index system containing four dimensions (hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and regional shelter capability) is established according to a hydrological–hydrodynamic model and a literature survey. Subsequently, improved structural equation modeling (ISEM) coupled with Pearson’s correlation coefficient is introduced to determine indicator weights while eliminating correlations among indicator variables, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the weight calculation. Finally, the extensible matter-element evaluation analysis method (EMAM) is employed to conduct the urban flood risk assessment, providing a more scientific evaluation of urban flood risks through the calculation results of the correlation degree between index factors and risk levels. The integrated flood risk assessment approach was applied in the Liwan District in Guangzhou City, China, and the results demonstrated that the novel approach effectively enhances the accuracy of urban flood risk assessment by 23.69%. In conclusion, this research offers a novel and high-precision methodology for risk assessment, contributing to decision-making in disaster prevention and control.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yan, L.; Zhang, L.; Yang, W.; Chen, C.; Lin, J.; Chen, Z.; Jiang, X.; Liang, H.; Cong, P.; Gao, J.; et al. Research on Urban Flood Risk Assessment Based on Improved Structural Equation Modeling (ISEM) and the Extensible Matter-Element Analysis Method (EMAM). Water 2025, 17, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17132025

AMA Style

Yan L, Zhang L, Yang W, Chen C, Lin J, Chen Z, Jiang X, Liang H, Cong P, Gao J, et al. Research on Urban Flood Risk Assessment Based on Improved Structural Equation Modeling (ISEM) and the Extensible Matter-Element Analysis Method (EMAM). Water. 2025; 17(13):2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17132025

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan, Lin, Lihong Zhang, Weichao Yang, Caixia Chen, Jianxin Lin, Zhenxian Chen, Xuefeng Jiang, Haoyang Liang, Peijiang Cong, Jinhua Gao, and et al. 2025. "Research on Urban Flood Risk Assessment Based on Improved Structural Equation Modeling (ISEM) and the Extensible Matter-Element Analysis Method (EMAM)" Water 17, no. 13: 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17132025

APA Style

Yan, L., Zhang, L., Yang, W., Chen, C., Lin, J., Chen, Z., Jiang, X., Liang, H., Cong, P., Gao, J., & Xue, T. (2025). Research on Urban Flood Risk Assessment Based on Improved Structural Equation Modeling (ISEM) and the Extensible Matter-Element Analysis Method (EMAM). Water, 17(13), 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17132025

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