Spatial and Temporal Changes of Ecosystem Service Value in Airport Economic Zones in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Definition of the Research Scope
2.3. Ecosystem Services Value (ESV) Assessment
2.4. Spatial Clustering Analysis on the Ecosystem Services Value (ESV) Change
3. Results
3.1. Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LULCC) in Airport Economic Zones (AEZs)
3.2. Changes in Ecosystem Services Value (ESV) in Airport Economic Zones (AEZs)
4. Discussion
4.1. Changing Patterns of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) and Their Corresponding Effect on Ecosystem Services Value (ESV)
4.2. Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Airport Economic Zones’ (AEZs) Ecosystem Services Value (ESV) Changes
4.3. Construction of Ecological Security Pattern for Economic Zones (AEZs) in South and North China
4.4. Integrating Advantageous Regional Ecological Resources and Construction of Ecological Security Patterns
4.5. Highlighting the Protection and Restoration of Existing Ecological Resources
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LULC | FP | MP | WRS | GS | CR | EP | HR | SC | MNC | Bio | AL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | 136 | 9 | 263 | 111 | 57 | 17 | 272 | 1 | 19 | 21 | 9 |
12 | 85 | 40 | 2 | 67 | 36 | 10 | 27 | 103 | 12 | 13 | 6 |
21 | 25 | 58 | 30 | 191 | 571 | 167 | 374 | 232 | 18 | 212 | 93 |
22 | 19 | 43 | 22 | 141 | 423 | 128 | 335 | 172 | 13 | 157 | 69 |
23 | 25 | 58 | 30 | 191 | 571 | 167 | 374 | 232 | 18 | 212 | 93 |
24 | 25 | 58 | 30 | 191 | 571 | 167 | 374 | 232 | 18 | 212 | 93 |
31 | 23 | 34 | 19 | 121 | 319 | 105 | 234 | 147 | 11 | 134 | 59 |
32 | 23 | 34 | 19 | 121 | 319 | 105 | 234 | 147 | 11 | 134 | 59 |
33 | 23 | 34 | 19 | 121 | 319 | 105 | 234 | 147 | 11 | 134 | 59 |
41 | 80 | 23 | 829 | 77 | 229 | 555 | 10,224 | 93 | 7 | 255 | 189 |
42 | 80 | 23 | 829 | 77 | 229 | 555 | 10,224 | 93 | 7 | 255 | 189 |
43 | 80 | 23 | 829 | 77 | 229 | 555 | 10,224 | 93 | 7 | 255 | 189 |
44 | 0 | 0 | 216 | 18 | 54 | 16 | 713 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
45 | 51 | 50 | 259 | 190 | 360 | 360 | 2423 | 231 | 18 | 787 | 473 |
46 | 51 | 50 | 259 | 190 | 360 | 360 | 2423 | 231 | 18 | 787 | 473 |
51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
61 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 10 | 31 | 21 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 5 |
62 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 10 | 31 | 21 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 5 |
63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
64 | 51 | 50 | 259 | 190 | 360 | 360 | 2423 | 231 | 18 | 787 | 473 |
65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
67 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 10 | 31 | 21 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 5 |
Year | Cropland | Forest | Grassland | Water Body | Construction Land | Unused Land |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 252,975 | 173,231 | 136,939 | 23,152 | 32,579 | 58,929 |
2000 | 251,361 | 172,944 | 134,826 | 23,513 | 38,032 | 57,273 |
2010 | 245,333 | 172,991 | 132,307 | 23,714 | 47,585 | 56,294 |
2015 | 242,155 | 171,963 | 130,590 | 23,689 | 54,904 | 55,181 |
2015–1990 | −10,820 | −1268 | −6349 | 537 | 22,325 | −3748 |
2000–1990 | −1614 | −287 | −2113 | 361 | 5453 | −1656 |
2010–2000 | −6028 | 47 | −2519 | 201 | 9553 | −979 |
2015–2010 | −3178 | −1028 | −1717 | −25 | 7319 | −1113 |
LULC Type in 1990 | LULC Type in 2015 | ||||||
Cropland | Forest | Grassland | Water Body | Construction Land | Unused Land | ||
Cropland | 164,040 | 28,487 | 17,817 | 6594 | 30,635 | 2022 | |
Forest | 28,081 | 119,123 | 16,947 | 1578 | 3710 | 826 | |
Grassland | 22,199 | 17,507 | 84,233 | 1414 | 2850 | 6608 | |
Water Body | 5660 | 1488 | 1177 | 11,356 | 2251 | 613 | |
Construction Land | 14,694 | 1496 | 1115 | 1048 | 13,485 | 281 | |
Unused Land | 4115 | 923 | 7199 | 785 | 1042 | 43,963 |
Provisioning Services | Regulating Services | Supporting Services | Cultural Services | |||||||||
1990 | FP | MP | WRS | GS | CR | EP | HR | SC | MNC | Bio | Al | Sum |
AA | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 34 |
AIA | 3 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 27 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 68 |
AMA | 5 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 21 | 8 | 45 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 126 |
ATC | 25 | 17 | 33 | 53 | 117 | 44 | 2317 | 60 | 6 | 530 | 25 | 3226 |
Provisioning Services | Regulating Services | Supporting Services | Cultural Services | |||||||||
2000 | FP | MP | WRS | GS | CR | EP | HR | SC | MNC | Bio | Al | Sum |
AA | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 33 |
AIA | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 5 | 29 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 79 |
AMA | 5 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 21 | 8 | 45 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 125 |
ATC | 24 | 17 | 33 | 53 | 117 | 44 | 2343 | 59 | 6 | 525 | 25 | 3245 |
Provisioning Services | Regulating Services | Supporting Services | Cultural Services | |||||||||
2010 | FP | MP | WRS | GS | CR | EP | HR | SC | MNC | Bio | Al | Sum |
AA | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 32 |
AIA | 3 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 5 | 29 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 78 |
AMA | 5 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 21 | 8 | 45 | 11 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 124 |
ATC | 24 | 17 | 32 | 52 | 116 | 44 | 2371 | 59 | 6 | 522 | 25 | 3268 |
Provisioning Services | Regulating Services | Supporting Services | Cultural Services | |||||||||
2015 | FP | MP | WRS | GS | CR | EP | HR | SC | MNC | Bio | Al | Sum |
AA | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 31 |
AIA | 3 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 5 | 29 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 77 |
AMA | 5 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 20 | 8 | 45 | 11 | 1 | 9 | 4 | 123 |
ATC | 24 | 16 | 32 | 52 | 115 | 44 | 2360 | 59 | 6 | 520 | 25 | 3252 |
Provisioning Services | Regulating Services | Supporting Services | Cultural Services | |||||||||
2015–1990 | FP | MP | WRS | GS | CR | EP | HR | SC | MNC | Bio | Al | Sum |
AA | −0.17 | −0.06 | −0.28 | −0.25 | −0.39 | −0.16 | −0.79 | −0.19 | −0.03 | −0.23 | −0.11 | −2.65 |
AIA | −0.09 | 0.28 | −0.15 | 0.84 | 3.04 | 0.85 | 1.92 | 1.17 | 0.07 | 0.99 | 0.42 | 9.34 |
AMA | −0.30 | −0.10 | −0.36 | −0.41 | −0.59 | −0.17 | 0.29 | −0.31 | −0.06 | −0.32 | −0.15 | −2.49 |
ATC | −0.76 | −0.27 | −0.74 | −1.22 | −1.97 | −0.41 | 43.35 | −0.92 | −0.16 | −10.04 | −0.45 | 26.41 |
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Niu, Y.; Xie, G.; Xiao, Y.; Qin, K.; Gan, S.; Liu, J. Spatial and Temporal Changes of Ecosystem Service Value in Airport Economic Zones in China. Land 2021, 10, 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10101054
Niu Y, Xie G, Xiao Y, Qin K, Gan S, Liu J. Spatial and Temporal Changes of Ecosystem Service Value in Airport Economic Zones in China. Land. 2021; 10(10):1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10101054
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiu, Yingnan, Gaodi Xie, Yu Xiao, Keyu Qin, Shuang Gan, and Jingya Liu. 2021. "Spatial and Temporal Changes of Ecosystem Service Value in Airport Economic Zones in China" Land 10, no. 10: 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10101054