Resilience and Circularity: Revisiting the Role of Urban Village in Rural-Urban Migration in Beijing, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Informality or Resilience? The Linkage between Urban Villages and Migration
2.1. Urban Village as Informality from a Dualistic Rural vs. Urban Land Use Perspective
2.2. Urban Village as Resilience from a Rural-Urban Circular Migration Perspective
3. Rural Migrants’ Transitory Stays in Beijing Urban Villages
3.1. Research Area
3.2. Data and Methods
3.3. Results
4. Discussion: Revisiting a Synthesis between the Rural-Urban Dual System
4.1. Different Rural Land Institutions, Different Urbanization Paths in Developing Countries
4.2. Maintaining the Rural-Urban Dual System and Improving the Opportunity Structure for “Amphibious” Migrant Workers
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Home Owning | Subsidized Home Owning | Small Property-Owning | Renting | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urban formal community | 13.3% | 0.6% | 0.1% | 86.0% | 100.0% |
Urban village | 0.4% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 99.3% | 100.0% |
Total | 6.9% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 92.6% | 100.0% |
Migrants’ Choices Regarding the Informal Tenure of the Urban Village (Ref = Urban Formal Market) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Predictors | B | SE | Exp(β) |
Household profile | |||
Age | −0.054 *** | 0.006 | 0.947 |
Gender (ref = female) | 0.108 | 0.096 | 1.114 |
Marriage (ref = unmarried) | 0.448 *** | 0.165 | 1.565 |
Education level (ref = college and above) | |||
Primary and below | 0.460 ** | 0.217 | 1.583 |
Junior secondary | 0.492 *** | 0.157 | 1.636 |
Senior/technical secondary | 0.192 | 0.153 | 1.211 |
Logged annual family income | −3.954 *** | 0.241 | 0.019 |
Migration status | |||
Household size in urban destinations | 0.021 | 0.050 | 1.021 |
Place of origin (ref = East China) | |||
North-eastern region | 0.531 *** | 0.193 | 1.701 |
North-western region | 0.005 | 0.256 | 1.005 |
North China | 0.188 | 0.118 | 1.207 |
Central China | 0.182 | 0.125 | 1.200 |
South China | −1.048 | 0.815 | 0.351 |
South-western region | 0.389 * | 0.203 | 1.475 |
Second generation of rural migrant workers (ref = others) | −0.192 * | 0.114 | 0.825 |
Employment in urban destinations | |||
Occupation (ref = blue collar) | |||
Cadre, manager or head | 0.040 | 0.642 | 1.041 |
Technician/professional | −0.099 | 0.215 | 0.906 |
Staff/clerk | −0.665 | 0.421 | 0.514 |
Service worker | −0.291 | 0.181 | 0.748 |
Agricultural worker | 0.562 | 0.822 | 1.755 |
Other | −0.829 *** | 0.281 | 0.437 |
Industry (ref = labour-intensive manufacturing) | |||
Primary industry | −0.364 | 0.742 | 0.695 |
Non-manufacturing sectors in secondary industry | 0.118 | 0.223 | 1.125 |
Capital-intensive manufacturing | 0.574 * | 0.329 | 1.775 |
Skill-intensive manufacturing | 0.134 | 0.253 | 1.144 |
Other types of manufacturing | 0.541 | 0.371 | 1.718 |
Producer services | −0.047 | 0.199 | 0.954 |
Public services | −0.599 ** | 0.245 | 0.550 |
Consumer services | −0.086 | 0.163 | 0.918 |
Employer type (ref = privately-owned/joint stock) | |||
State-owned | −0.448 ** | 0.187 | 0.639 |
Collective-owned | −0.253 | 0.381 | 0.776 |
Foreign-invested/joint venture | −0.055 | 0.260 | 0.947 |
Family- or individually-owned | −0.071 | 0.146 | 0.932 |
Non-profit organization | −1.879 | 1.269 | 0.153 |
Other | 0.596 *** | 0.196 | 1.814 |
Employment status (ref = stable employees) | |||
Temporary employees (no contract) | −0.059 | 0.205 | 0.942 |
Employer | −0.656 *** | 0.238 | 0.519 |
Self-running | 0.163 | 0.152 | 1.177 |
Other | −0.296 | 0.389 | 0.744 |
Housing pressure in urban destinations | |||
Housing expense-to-income ratio | −5.795 *** | 0.408 | 0.003 |
Landed status in rural origins | |||
If still holding rural lands in hometown (ref = land loss) | |||
Holding both farmland and homestead | 0.738 *** | 0.123 | 2.092 |
Homestead only | 0.861 *** | 0.131 | 2.365 |
Farmland only | 0.661 *** | 0.197 | 1.936 |
Constant | 16.957 *** | 1.001 | |
N | 2992 | ||
df | 43 | ||
λ2 | 1019.732 *** | ||
−2 Log Likelihood | 3127.760 | ||
Cox and Snell R2 | 0.289 | ||
Nagelkerke R2 | 0.385 | ||
Percent correctly classified | 74% |
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Liu, R.; Jia, Y. Resilience and Circularity: Revisiting the Role of Urban Village in Rural-Urban Migration in Beijing, China. Land 2021, 10, 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10121284
Liu R, Jia Y. Resilience and Circularity: Revisiting the Role of Urban Village in Rural-Urban Migration in Beijing, China. Land. 2021; 10(12):1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10121284
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Ran, and Yuhang Jia. 2021. "Resilience and Circularity: Revisiting the Role of Urban Village in Rural-Urban Migration in Beijing, China" Land 10, no. 12: 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10121284
APA StyleLiu, R., & Jia, Y. (2021). Resilience and Circularity: Revisiting the Role of Urban Village in Rural-Urban Migration in Beijing, China. Land, 10(12), 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10121284