Survey of Residents of Historic Cities Willingness to Pay for a Cultural Heritage Conservation Project: The Contribution of Heritage Awareness
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. ARCH as a Strategy for Urban Conservation
2.2. The Role of the Tangible and Intangible Value of ARCH in Sustainable and Resilient Development
2.3. Assessment of the Value of the Estate through WTP
2.4. Resident Awareness as a Predictor of WTP
- (1)
- How do residents perceive ARCH as an approach to cultural heritage conservation?
- (2)
- Are residents willing to pay for ARCH?
- (3)
- Do residents’ attitudes and awareness affect their willingness to pay and the size of their payment for ARCH?
3. Material and Method
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Questionnaire Design
3.3. Data Collection
3.4. Statistical Analysis
3.4.1. Binary Logistic Regression Model
3.4.2. Ordered Logistic Regression Model
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Statistics
4.1.1. Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
4.1.2. Willingness to Pay
4.1.3. Resident Awareness
4.2. Factors Affecting WTP
4.3. Factors Affecting the Amount of WTP
5. Discussion
5.1. Residents’ Willingness to Pay for ARCH
5.2. Factors Affecting Residents’ WTP and Amount Size
5.3. Limitations and Future Research
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Designation | Location | Proprietor | Original Function | Reuse Function |
---|---|---|---|---|
Akabeizan Genkiln | Nara city | Private Company | Factory | Ceramic Art Classes and Experience |
Kogawa Matabei Shop | Private Company | Store | Store | |
Fujima Residence | Incorporated Association | Residential | Culture and Arts Center | |
Nakamura Residence (Old Adachi Residence) | Local Residents | Residential | Cafe | |
Hido Residence | Private Company | Residential | Cafe and Gallery | |
Old Longevity Association Bacteria Institute | Private Company | Factory | Cafe and Gallery | |
Kidera’s House Edge Townhouse | Private Company | Residential | Private home | |
Nabeya Police Station, Old Nara Police Department | Government | Local Police Station | Tourist Information Center | |
Kobaien | Private Company | Factory | Ink store and Production and Experience | |
Sano Residence | Local Residents | Residential | Store | |
Naramachi Nigiwai’s house | Government | Residential | Cultural Activity Center | |
Saho Kaikan | Incorporated Association | School | Convention Hall | |
Masaki Residence | Local Residents | Residential | Seminar House | |
Matsuyama Residence Rice Storage | Local Residents | Residential | Restaurant | |
North wing of the main building of the Matsuyama Residence | Local Residents | Residential | Radio | |
South wing of the main building of the Matsuyama Residence | Local Residents | Residential | Restaurant | |
Okahashi Residence | Kashihara City | Private Company | Residential | Restaurant and Art Festival exhibition space |
Okamoto Residence | Unknown | Residential | Art Festival exhibition space | |
Old 68 Bank Yagi Branch | Unknown | Bank | Wedding-style venue and Restaurant | |
Old Jikmenwon Hakkoden and Yakuburi | Sakurai City | Government | Religion | National Museum |
Old Tomita residence | Local Residents | Residential | Hotel | |
Former Yoshino Bank Sakurai Branch | Local Residents | Bank | Restaurant | |
Yamada Hotel | Unknown | Residential | Restaurant and Cafe and Gallery | |
Former Kawamoto Residence | Yamatogoriyama City | Government | Red Light District | Exhibition Hall and Café and Event Center |
Sugiyama Kodomo Hospital | Local Residents | Hospital | Concert venues and Gallery | |
Former Inasa Post Office | Uda City | Local Residents | Post Office | Restaurant |
Dangmaji Matsumuroin Kakuden | Katsuragi city | Religious Organization | Religion | Township Museum |
Tsuji Residence | Tenri City | Unknown | Residential | Folk Museum |
Fujioka Residence | Gojo City | NPO | Residential | Cultural Exhibition Hall and Activity Center |
Ota Brewery | Ikaruga Street | Private Company | store and Residential | Sake stores and Exhibitions and Sake brewing experience |
Tatsumi Residence | Private Company | Residential | Office | |
Omote Goten, Chuguji Temple | Religious Organization | Religion | Restaurant | |
Matsumoto Residence | Kouryou Street | Local Residents | Residential | Art Festival Exhibition Space |
Former Otori Residence | Asuka Village | Private Company | Residential | Hotel |
Former Nomura Hospital Clinic | Tyamazoe Village | Local Residents | Medical Clinic | Regional Cultural Center |
Variable | Item | References |
---|---|---|
Attitude | ||
Indicator 1 | It is necessary to promote the cause of adaptive reuse of cultural heritage. | Tang et al. [91] |
Indicator 2 | It is beneficial to promote the cause of adaptive reuse of cultural heritage. | Ibrahim et al. [92] |
Indicator 3 | The benefits of the cause of adaptive reuse of cultural heritage outweigh the disadvantages. | |
Indicator 4 | I am pleased to see the implementation of the cause of adaptive reuse of cultural heritage. | |
Heritage Awareness | ||
Indicator 5 | I am interested in local cultural heritage. | Shankar and Swamy [93] |
Indicator 6 | I am familiar with the local cultural heritage. | National Heritage Board [94] |
Indicator 7 | I value the local cultural heritage. | |
Indicator 8 | Local cultural heritage is important to me. | |
Place Attachment | ||
Indicator 9 | I love my community. | Delhey et al. [95] |
Indicator 10 | I like the living environment here. | |
Indicator 11 | I want to live here forever. |
Variable | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
18–29 | 196 | 13.4 |
30–44 | 456 | 31.2 |
45–59 | 533 | 36.5 |
60+ | 275 | 18.8 |
Gender | ||
Male | 777 | 53.2 |
Female | 683 | 46.8 |
Marriage | ||
Married | 944 | 64.7 |
Unmarried | 516 | 35.3 |
Career | ||
Student | 75 | 5.1 |
Offboarding (Including housewives) | 292 | 20.0 |
Part-time | 244 | 16.7 |
Onboarding | 715 | 49.0 |
Operator/self-employed | 88 | 6.0 |
Others | 46 | 3.2 |
Annual household income (JPY) | ||
<3 million | 356 | 24.4 |
3~5 million | 386 | 26.4 |
5~7 million | 322 | 22.1 |
7~10 million | 249 | 17.1 |
10~15 million | 106 | 7.3 |
>15 million | 41 | 2.8 |
Homeownership | ||
Hold | 1058 | 72.5 |
Tenancy | 339 | 23.2 |
Others | 63 | 4.3 |
Kids | ||
No | 616 | 42.2 |
Yes | 844 | 57.8 |
Total | 1460 | 100 |
Amount of WTP | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
0 | 364 | 24.932 |
100 | 61 | 4.178 |
500 | 99 | 6.781 |
1000 | 431 | 29.521 |
2000 | 61 | 4.178 |
3000 | 124 | 8.493 |
5000 | 115 | 7.877 |
10,000 | 138 | 9.452 |
20,000 | 18 | 1.233 |
30,000 | 14 | 0.959 |
50,000 | 12 | 0.822 |
100,000 | 23 | 1.575 |
Total | 1460 | 100 |
Dimension | Proportion/Mean | SD | Cronbach α |
---|---|---|---|
Attitude | 4.64 | 1.16 | 0.91 |
Indicator 1 | 4.73 | 1.33 | |
Indicator 2 | 4.68 | 1.34 | |
Indicator 3 | 4.42 | 1.29 | |
Indicator 4 | 4.75 | 1.3 | |
Heritage Awareness | 3.89 | 1.35 | 0.89 |
Indicator 5 | 3.95 | 1.63 | |
Indicator 6 | 3.23 | 1.53 | |
Indicator 7 | 4.4 | 1.5 | |
Indicator 8 | 3.97 | 1.53 | |
Place Attachment | 4.64 | 1.36 | 0.89 |
Indicator 9 | 4.7 | 1.51 | |
Indicator 10 | 4.74 | 1.42 | |
Indicator 11 | 4.49 | 1.58 | |
KMO = 0.89 | |||
Bartlett test (p = 0.000 < 0.05) |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Li, H.; Chen, J.; Ikebe, K.; Kinoshita, T. Survey of Residents of Historic Cities Willingness to Pay for a Cultural Heritage Conservation Project: The Contribution of Heritage Awareness. Land 2023, 12, 2058. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12112058
Li H, Chen J, Ikebe K, Kinoshita T. Survey of Residents of Historic Cities Willingness to Pay for a Cultural Heritage Conservation Project: The Contribution of Heritage Awareness. Land. 2023; 12(11):2058. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12112058
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Hongyu, Jie Chen, Konomi Ikebe, and Takeshi Kinoshita. 2023. "Survey of Residents of Historic Cities Willingness to Pay for a Cultural Heritage Conservation Project: The Contribution of Heritage Awareness" Land 12, no. 11: 2058. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12112058
APA StyleLi, H., Chen, J., Ikebe, K., & Kinoshita, T. (2023). Survey of Residents of Historic Cities Willingness to Pay for a Cultural Heritage Conservation Project: The Contribution of Heritage Awareness. Land, 12(11), 2058. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12112058