Carbon Losses from Topsoil in Abandoned Peat Extraction Sites Due to Ground Subsidence and Erosion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Sites
2.2. Soil Analyses
2.3. Carbon Loss Estimation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Evaluation of Ground Elevation Changes in Peatlands
3.2. Evaluation of Carbon Losses Due to Subsidence and Erosion
3.3. Evaluation of Affecting Factors and Total Carbon Losses
4. Discussion
4.1. Ground Elevation Changes
4.2. Carbon Losses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name of Research Sites | Short Description of Research Site | Date of Survey (Rāķu Mire) | Date of Survey (Kaigu Mire) | Coordinates (LKS92 TM, EPSG:3059) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Raku Mire, Fields A, B, C Kaigu mire, Fields D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K | Abandoned peat extraction fields (bare peat), Fibric Histosol (according to WRB 2022) | 24 September 2019. | 30 September 2014. | Raku mire (X: 555374, Y: 382724); Kaigu mire (X: 474835, Y: 286989) |
15 June 2021. | 17 June 2021. | |||
29 June 2021. | 30 June 2021. | |||
7 August 2021. | 3 August 2021. | |||
8 September 2021. | 9 September 2021. | |||
8 October 2021. | 5 October 2021. | |||
13 November 2021. | 12 November 2021. | |||
22 March 2022. | 23 March 2022. | |||
16 June 2022. | 17 June 2022. | |||
25 July 2022. | 27 July 2022. | |||
10 May 2023. | 11 May 2023. |
Field | Soil Density, kg m−3 | C tot., g kg | N tot., g kg | C:N | C kg m−3 | N kg m−3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 131.50 ± 40.91 | 496.40 ± 89.26 | 13.45 ± 5.71 | 39.89 ± 9.62 | 62.42 ± 8.01 | 1.68 ± 0.54 |
B | 119.85 ± 42.78 | 478.06 ± 25.55 | 13.71 ± 2.56 | 36.12 ± 7.20 | 56.59 ± 18.76 | 1.71 ± 0.82 |
C | 159.40 ± 52.86 | 444.95 ± 107.86 | 11.04 ± 2.35 | 41.77 ± 14.36 | 66.59 ± 13.78 | 1.71 ± 0.51 |
D | 73.38 ± 6.24 | 505.92 ± 13.00 | 9.08 ± 1.07 | 56.41 ± 6.07 | 37.14 ± 3.50 | 0.67 ± 0.13 |
E | 85.53 ± 14.27 | 509.67 ± 13.58 | 10.25 ± 1.74 | 51.26 ± 9.02 | 43.56 ± 7.09 | 0.90 ± 0.30 |
F | 100.30 ± 26.15 | 516.06 ± 24.30 | 9.70 ± 1.54 | 52.65 ± 8.09 | 51.80 ± 14.29 | 1.01 ± 0.39 |
G | 99.63 ± 11.63 | 516.81 ± 11.76 | 7.93 ± 1.84 | 69.16 ± 17.53 | 51.58 ± 6.95 | 0.80 ± 0.26 |
H | 140.28 ± 23.47 | 539.93 ± 19.62 | 12.22 ± 2.49 | 45.78 ± 7.98 | 76.17 ± 14.85 | 1.76 ± 0.58 |
I | 136.60 ± 16.62 | 537.40 ± 11.77 | 11.33 ± 0.28 | 47.54 ± 2.12 | 73.56 ± 10.62 | 1.55 ± 0.21 |
J | 132.93 ± 19.04 | 534.87 ± 10.22 | 10.43 ± 0.51 | 51.01 ± 2.17 | 70.95 ± 11.48 | 1.34 ± 0.27 |
K | 111.85 ± 20.12 | 524.86 ± 5.52 | 10.27 ± 1.82 | 52.86 ± 9.84 | 58.78 ± 11.01 | 1.17 ± 0.34 |
Field | C kg m−3 | Elevation Decrease, cm y−1 | Peat Volume, m3 m−2 y−1 | C Loss, kg m−2 y−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 62.42 ± 8.01 | 5.72 ± 5.4 | 0.0572 ± 0.054 | 3.57 ± 4.06 |
B | 56.59 ± 18.76 | 2.14 ± 5.7 | 0.0214 ± 0.057 | 1.21 ± 5.12 |
C | 66.59 ± 13.78 | 4.4 ± 3.4 | 0.044 ± 0.034 | 2.93 ± 2.97 |
D | 37.14 ± 3.50 | 0.58 ± 3.5 | 0.0058 ± 0.035 | 0.22 ± 1.63 |
E | 43.56 ± 7.09 | 0.41 ± 14.0 | 0.0041 ± 0.140 | 0.18 ± 8.38 |
F | 51.80 ± 14.29 | 0.36 ± 9.1 | 0.0036 ± 0.091 | 0.19 ± 7.22 |
G | 51.58 ± 6.95 | 0.1 ± 8.2 | 0.001 ± 0.082 | 0.05 ± 5.33 |
H | 76.17 ± 14.85 | 0.08 ± 8.3 | 0.0008 ± 0.083 | 0.06 ± 7.91 |
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Meļņiks, R.N.; Bārdule, A.; Butlers, A.; Champion, J.; Kalēja, S.; Skranda, I.; Petaja, G.; Lazdiņš, A. Carbon Losses from Topsoil in Abandoned Peat Extraction Sites Due to Ground Subsidence and Erosion. Land 2023, 12, 2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122153
Meļņiks RN, Bārdule A, Butlers A, Champion J, Kalēja S, Skranda I, Petaja G, Lazdiņš A. Carbon Losses from Topsoil in Abandoned Peat Extraction Sites Due to Ground Subsidence and Erosion. Land. 2023; 12(12):2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122153
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeļņiks, Raitis Normunds, Arta Bārdule, Aldis Butlers, Jordane Champion, Santa Kalēja, Ilona Skranda, Guna Petaja, and Andis Lazdiņš. 2023. "Carbon Losses from Topsoil in Abandoned Peat Extraction Sites Due to Ground Subsidence and Erosion" Land 12, no. 12: 2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122153