The Multifaceted Botanical Impact of the Invasive Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in a Protected Sandy Grassland in Central Europe
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sites
2.2. Vegetation Sampling
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Composition of Vegetation and Similarity of Study Sites
3.2. Diversity of Invaded and Natural Control Stands
3.3. Social Behaviour Types
4. Discussion
4.1. Composition of Vegetation and Similarity of Study Sites
4.2. Diversity of Invaded and Natural Control Stands
4.3. Social Behaviour Types
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Zalai, M.; Poczok, L.; Dorner, Z.; Körösi, K.; Pálinkás, Z.; Szalai, M.; Pintér, O. Developing control strategies against common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) on ruderal habitat. Herbologia 2017, 16, 69–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gudžinskas, Z.; Petrulaitis, L.; Taura, L. Asclepias syriaca L. (Apocynaceae) and its invasiveness in the southern part of the Boreal region of Europe—Evidence from Lithuania. BioInvasions Rec. 2021, 10, 436–452. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- List of Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/invasivealien/list/index_en.htm (accessed on 13 December 2023).
- Sárkány, S.E.; Lehoczky, É.; Nagy, P. Study on the seed production and germination dynamic of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.). Comm. Appl. Biol. Sci. 2008, 73, 965–969. [Google Scholar]
- Risk Assessment of Asclepias syriaca. CIRCABC, European Union. 2015. Available online: https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/8dbd637b-6d8b-4608-b2b1-b51dd21cacde/Asclepias%20syriaca%20RA.pdf (accessed on 14 August 2024).
- Jurová, J.; Renco, M.; Gömöryová, E.; Cerevková, A. Effects of the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) on nematode communities in natural grasslands. Nematology 2019, 22, 423–438. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bakacsy, L.; Bagi, I. Survival and regeneration ability of clonal common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) after a single herbicide treatment in natural open sand grasslands. Sci. Rep. 2020, 10, 14222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Follak, S.; Bakacsy, L.; Essl, F.; Hochfellner, L.; Lapin, K.; Schwarz, M.; Tokarska-Guzik, B.; Wolkowicky, D. Monograph of invasive plants in Europe No6: Asclepias syriaca L. Bot. Lett. 2021, 168, 422–451. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bakacsy, L. Invasion impact is conditioned by initial vegetation states. Community Ecol. 2019, 20, 11–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mojzes, A.; Kalapos, T. Plant-Derived Smoke Enhances Germination of the Invasive Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.). Pol. J. Ecol. 2015, 63, 280–285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Csontos, P.; Bózsing, E.; Cseresnyés, I.; Penksza, K. Reproductive potential of the alien species Asclepias syriaca (Asclepiadaceae) in the rural landscape. Pol. J. Ecol. 2009, 57, 383–388. [Google Scholar]
- Pauková, Z.; Káderová, V.; Bakay, L. Structure and population dynamics of Asclepias syriaca L. in the agricultural land. Agric. (Poľnohospodárstvo) 2013, 59, 161–166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Myers, A.; Bahlai, C.A.; Landis, D.A. Habitat Type Influences Danaus plexippus L.(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Oviposition and Egg Survival on Asclepias syriaca L. (Gentianales: Apocynaceae). Environ. Entomol. 2019, 48, 675–684. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kitka, D.; Szilassi, P. Két özönnövény elterjedtségét befolyásoló földrajzi tényezők vizsgálata geoinformatikai módszerekkel a dél-alföldi régió példáján. J. Landsc. Ecol. 2016, 14, 155–169. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bagi, I. Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.). In The Most Important Invasive Plants in Hungary; Botta-Dukát, Z., Balogh, L., Eds.; Institute of Ecology and Botany, Hungarian Academy of Sciences: Vácrátót, Hungary, 2008; pp. 151–161. [Google Scholar]
- National Geographical Information Database of Invasive Plant Species, Szeged. Available online: https://aszaly.geo.u-szeged.hu/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=bd4690842ba34b1aadf77bfb64fcde19 (accessed on 14 August 2024).
- Pauková, Z.; Knápeková, M.; Hauptvogl, M. Mapping of alien species of Asclepias syriaca and Fallopia japonica populations in the agricultural landscape. J. Cent. Eur. Agric. 2014, 15, 12–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Follak, S.; Schleicher, C.; Schwarz, M. Roads support the spread of invasive Asclepias syriaca in Austria. Die Bodenkultur J. Land Manag. Food Environ. 2018, 69, 257–265. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Otves, C.; Neacșu, A.; Arsene, G.-G. Invasive and potentially invasive plant species in wetlands area of Banat. Res. J. Agric. Sci. 2014, 46, 146–171. [Google Scholar]
- Zimmermann, H.; Loos, J.; Wehrden, H.; Fischer, J. Aliens in Transylvania: Risk maps of invasive alien plant species in Central Romania. NeoBiota 2015, 24, 55–65. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sărăţeanu, V.; Suciu, C.T.; Cotuna, O.; Durău, C.C.; Paraschivu, M. Adventive species Asclepias syriaca L. in disturbed grassland from Western Romania. Rom. J. Grassl. Forage Crops 2020, 20, 61–72. [Google Scholar]
- Kaplan, Z.; Danihelka, J.; Koutecký, P.; Šumberová, K.; Ekrt, L.; Grulich, V.; Řepka, R.; Hroudová, Z.; Štěpánková, J.; Dvořák, V.; et al. Distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic. Part 4. Preslia 2017, 89, 115–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- PuchaŁka, R.; Rutkowski, L.; Piwczyński, M. Common milkweed Asclepias syriaca L. in Toruñ and its vicinity. Acta Bot. Cassub. 2013, 12, 5–23. [Google Scholar]
- Vladimirov, V.; Georgiev, V. National reporting of Bulgaria about the invasive alien plants of EU concern in relation to Regulation (EU) 1143/2014. Phytol. Balc. 2019, 25, 407–415. [Google Scholar]
- Radivojevic, L.; Saric-Krsmanovic, M.; Gajic Umiljendic, J.; Bozic, D.; Santric, L. The Impacts of Temperature, Soil Type and Soil Herbicides on Seed Germination and Early Establishment of Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.). Not. Bot. Horti. Agrobot. 2016, 44, 291–295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gudžinskas, Z.; Žalneravičius, E.; Petrulaitis, L. Assessment of the potential of introduction, establishment and further spread of invasive alien plant species of European Union concern in Lithuania. Botanica 2018, 24, 37–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kelemen, A.; Valkó, O.; Kröel-Dulay, G.; Deák, B.; Török, P.; Tóth, K.; Miglécz, T.; Tóthmérész, B. The invasion of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in sandy old-fields—Is it a threat to the native flora? Appl. Veg. Sci. 2016, 19, 218–224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Popov, M.; Prvulovic, D.; Sucur, J.; Vidovic, S.; Samardzic, N.; Stojanovic, T.; Konstantinovic, B. Chemical characterization of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) root extracts and their influence on maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed germination and seedling growth. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res. 2021, 19, 4219–4230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhowmik, P.C. Biology and control of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.). Rev. Weed Sci. 1994, 6, 227–250. [Google Scholar]
- Meinhardt, S.; Czóbel, S.; Kovács-Hostyánszki, A.; Szigeti, V.; Tormáné Kovács, E. Egyes mézelő idegenhonos özönfajok értékelése ágazati interjúk alapján. (Assessment of some invasive alien beepasture species based on interviews with sectoral experts.). J. Landsc. Ecol. 2022, 20, 23–39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Simpson, A.; Jarnevich, C.; Madsen, J.; Westbrooks, R.; Fournier, C.; Mehrhoff, L.; Browne, M.; Graham, J.; Sellers, E. Invasive species information networks: Collaboration at multiple scales for prevention, early detection, and rapid response to invasive alien species. Biodiversity 2009, 10, 5–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhowmik, P.C. Herbicidal Control of Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.). Weed Sci. 1982, 30, 349–351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hartzler, R.G. Reduction in common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) occurrence in Iowa cropland from 1999 to 2009. Crop Prot. 2010, 29, 1542–1544. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Poynor, B. Effects of Rangeland Management on Milkweed Grazing and Monarch Conservation. University of Nebraska at Omaha ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2019, 13860136. Available online: https://www.proquest.com/openview/7ea05dc793267aac77062ad33aa0acea/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y (accessed on 15 August 2024).
- Hammer, Ø.; Harper, D.A.T.; Ryan, P.D. PAST—Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontol. Electron. 2001, 4, 1. [Google Scholar]
- Hammer, Ø. PAST—PAleontological STatictics Version 4.17 Reference Manual; Natural History Museum, University of Oslo: Oslo, Norway, 1999–2024; p. 284. Available online: https://www.nhm.uio.no/english/research/resources/past/downloads/past4manual.pdf (accessed on 2 August 2024).
- Tóthmérész, B. Comparison of different methods for diversity ordering. J. Veg. Sci. 1995, 6, 283–290. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Borhidi, A. Social behaviour types, their naturalness and relative ecological indicator values of the higher plants of the Hungarian flora. Acta Bot. Hung. 1995, 39, 97–182. [Google Scholar]
- Isbell, F.; Craven, D.; Connolly, J.; Loreau, M.; Schmid, B.; Beierkuhnlein, C.; Bezemer, T.M.; Bonin, C.; Bruelheide, H.; de Luca, E.; et al. Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes. Nature 2015, 526, 574–577. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Keersmaecker, W.D.; Rooijen, N.V.; Lhermitte, S.; Tits, L.; Schaminee, J.; Coppin, P.; Honnay, O.; Somers, B. Species-rich semi-natural grasslands have a higher resistance but a lower resilience than intensively managed agricultural grasslands in response to climate anomalies. J. Appl. Ecol. 2016, 53, 430–439. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carlsson, M.; Merten, M.; Kayser, M.; Isselstein, J.; Wrage-Mönnig, N. Drought stress resistance and resilience of permanent grasslands are shaped by functional group composition and N fertilization. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 2017, 236, 52–60. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vogel, A.; Scherer-Lorenzen, M.; Weigelt, A. Grassland Resistance and Resilience after Drought Depends on Management Intensity and Species Richness. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e36992. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hoover, D.L.; Knapp, A.K.; Smith, M.D. Resistance and resilience of a grassland ecosystem to climate extremes. Ecology 2014, 95, 2646–2656. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bai, X.; Zhao, W.; Wang, J.; Ferreira, C.S.S. Reducing plant community variability and improving resilience for sustainable restoration of temperate grassland. Environ. Res. 2022, 207, 112149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Berki, B.; Botta-Dukát, Z.; Csákvári, E.; Gyalus, A.; Halassy, M.; Mártonffy, A.; Rédei, T.; Csecserits, A. Short-term effects of the control of the invasive plant Asclepias syriaca: Secondary invasion of other neophytes instead of recovery of the native species. Appl. Veg. Sci. 2023, 26, e12707. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Stand | 21-S | 21-S-CTRL | 21-A | 21-A-CTRL | 22-S | 22-S-CTRL | 22-A | 22-A-CTRL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
species number | 45 | 40 | 30 | 35 | 47 | 38 | 32 | 31 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Meinhardt, S.; Saláta, D.; Tormáné Kovács, E.; Ábrám, Ö.; Morvai, E.; Szirmai, O.; Czóbel, S. The Multifaceted Botanical Impact of the Invasive Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in a Protected Sandy Grassland in Central Europe. Land 2024, 13, 1594. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13101594
Meinhardt S, Saláta D, Tormáné Kovács E, Ábrám Ö, Morvai E, Szirmai O, Czóbel S. The Multifaceted Botanical Impact of the Invasive Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in a Protected Sandy Grassland in Central Europe. Land. 2024; 13(10):1594. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13101594
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeinhardt, Sarolta, Dénes Saláta, Eszter Tormáné Kovács, Örs Ábrám, Edina Morvai, Orsolya Szirmai, and Szilárd Czóbel. 2024. "The Multifaceted Botanical Impact of the Invasive Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in a Protected Sandy Grassland in Central Europe" Land 13, no. 10: 1594. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13101594