Research on Quantitative Analysis Methods for the Spatial Characteristics of Traditional Villages Based on Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Data: A Case Study of Liukeng Village, Jiangxi, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Research on Spatial Characteristics of Traditional Villages
2.2. New Developments in the Study of Spatial Characteristics in Traditional Villages Brought by 3D Point Cloud Data
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. Step I: Field Data Collection: Obtaining 3D Point Cloud Data through Low-Altitude UAV Aerial Photography and Handheld Laser Scanners
3.2.2. Step II: Data Processing: Point Cloud Preprocessing and Object Classification
3.2.3. Step III: Data Analysis and Application: Extraction of Quantitative Indicators of Village Spatial Characteristics and Interpretation of Construction Wisdom
4. Results
4.1. Topographic Environment: Visualization and Interpretation of Feng Shui Concepts and Site Selection Wisdom
4.1.1. Interpretation of the Connotation and Wisdom in Feng Shui Forest
4.1.2. Micro-Topography-Based Quantification of Water Management
4.2. Street Spaces: Spatial Scale and Hierarchical Division
4.2.1. Quantification of Street Space Scale
4.2.2. Hierarchy of Street Spaces
4.3. Building Elements: Characteristics and Morphology of Residential Courtyards
4.3.1. Quantitative Analysis of Residential Courtyard Scale
4.3.2. Summary of the Form of Residential Courtyards
5. Discussion
5.1. Strategy for Utilizing 3D Point Cloud Data
5.2. Innovations
- 1.
- Establishing a complete work chain for calculating village spatial characteristics
- 2.
- Addressing the challenge of rapid extraction of spatial characteristics
- 3.
- Achieving three-dimensional quantification and visualization of traditional Chinese construction intelligence
5.3. Limitations
5.4. Future Application Scenarios
5.4.1. Village Spatial Basic Information Data Layer
5.4.2. Village Historical and Cultural Knowledge Application Layer
5.4.3. Village Public Display and Tour Service Layer
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hierarchy | Spatial Characteristics | Quantitative Indicators | Analysis Software/Explanation |
---|---|---|---|
Topographic Environment | Interpretation of Feng Shui Forest | Topographic elevation, Feng Shui forest protection range | Arcgis 10.8 |
Village Water Management | Water source, water volume, irrigation paths | Grasshopper 7.0 Rainwater runoff | |
Street Spaces | Street Scale | Street width | Direct calculation from point cloud |
Street Hierarchy | Distribution of streets Placement of House Doors in Streets | Combination of point cloud model statistics and field surveys | |
Individual Buildings | Courtyard Space Area | Building footprint area | Direct calculation from point cloud |
Saturation | Ratio of courtyard area to the area of the circumscribed rectangle | Higher value indicates more saturated courtyard space | |
Boundary Coefficient | Ratio of courtyard perimeter to the perimeter of the circumscribed rectangle | The value closer to 1 indicates a more regular courtyard shape | |
Courtyard Form | Combination and expansion relationships of courtyards | Point cloud model statistics |
Hierarchy | Basic Features | Specific Content | Computational/Analytical Methods | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Terrain environment | Ground | Slope, direction, elevation | Mountain and ground slope, slope direction, elevation | In combination with gis |
Forest | Shape | Shape index of tree crown projection in forest land | In combination with gis | |
Area | Area of tree crown projection in forest land | Direct calculation from point cloud | ||
Height | Average height and height variation in forest land | Direct calculation from point cloud | ||
Water | Length, width | Length and width of the minimum bounding rectangle of pond contours | Direct calculation from point cloud | |
Perimeter, area | Perimeter and area of pond contours | Direct calculation from point cloud | ||
Volume | Water storage capacity of ponds | Physical simulation based on 3D data | ||
Street hierarchy | Space | Width | Width of streets, i.e., distance between outer walls of buildings on both sides | Direct calculation from point cloud |
Height | Height of streets, i.e., height of buildings along the street and variations along the road | Direct calculation from point cloud | ||
Height-to-width ratio | Height-to-width ratio of streets and variations along the road | Direct calculation from point cloud | ||
Visibility analysis | Visibility analysis of landmark features | Physical simulation based on 3D data | ||
Interface | Slope, direction | Slope and direction of street surfaces | In combination with gis | |
Sinuosity | Ratio of actual length of street centerline to endpoint length | Direct calculation from point cloud | ||
Distribution density | Public space ratio: ratio of public space area to total base area | Direct calculation from point cloud | ||
Building hierarchy | Space | Building height | Height from ground to flat/sloping roofs, ridge height and eave height of sloping roofs (individual/average) | Direct calculation from point cloud |
Overall height distribution and height differences of building clusters | Direct calculation from point cloud | |||
Roof | Number of buildings | Number of buildings divided by roof type | Direct calculation from point cloud | |
Slope, direction | Slope and direction of roofs (individual/average) | Direct calculation from point cloud | ||
Shape | Length-to-width ratio of roofs (individual/average) | Direct calculation from point cloud | ||
Length, width | Length and width of roofs (individual/average) | Direct calculation from point cloud | ||
Ground | Shape | Length-to-width ratio of building footprints (individual/average) | Direct calculation from point cloud | |
Area | Building footprint area = roof projection area—eave area (individual/average) | Direct calculation from point cloud |
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Li, Z.; Wang, T.; Sun, S. Research on Quantitative Analysis Methods for the Spatial Characteristics of Traditional Villages Based on Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Data: A Case Study of Liukeng Village, Jiangxi, China. Land 2024, 13, 1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081261
Li Z, Wang T, Sun S. Research on Quantitative Analysis Methods for the Spatial Characteristics of Traditional Villages Based on Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Data: A Case Study of Liukeng Village, Jiangxi, China. Land. 2024; 13(8):1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081261
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Zhe, Tianlian Wang, and Su Sun. 2024. "Research on Quantitative Analysis Methods for the Spatial Characteristics of Traditional Villages Based on Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Data: A Case Study of Liukeng Village, Jiangxi, China" Land 13, no. 8: 1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081261