Energy and Spectral Efficiency Balancing Algorithm for Energy Saving in LTE Downlinks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Work
3. The Proposed SET Algorithm
3.1. Energy-Efficient Battery Lifetime Algorithm
3.2. Determination of Pareto Optimal Solution
Algorithm 1 SE and EE Trade-off (SET) Algorithm for Saving Energy in Downlink LTE Networks |
|
3.3. Energy Consumption of eNodeB Using Congested and Non-Congested Network Loads
4. Performance Evaluation of the Proposed SET Algorithm
4.1. Simulation Setup
4.2. Impact of Varying Traffic Loads in Non-Congested Network
4.3. Impact of Varying Traffic Loads in Congested Network
4.3.1. Impact of Varying Network Loads on a Congested Network Using an Omni-Directional Antenna
4.3.2. Impact of Varying Network Loads on a Congested Network Using a Directional Antenna
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
System bandwidth | 5 MHz |
Number of resource blocks | 25 |
Active sector of concern | eNodeB2-sector1 |
TTI | 1 ms; 1000 TTI per second |
UE distribution | Uniform |
Macroscopic path loss model | TS25814 |
Simulation period | 100 s |
Speed of the user | 4.16 m/s |
Transmission scheme | 2 × 2 MIMO, OLSM |
Cyclic prefix | Normal |
Transmitter antenna gain | 18 dBi |
Receiver antenna gain | 0 dBi |
Maximum transmission power | 20 W |
Maximum delay | 20 ms |
Inter-eNodeB distance | 500 m |
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Maharazu, M.; Hanapi, Z.M.; Alrashah, M.A. Energy and Spectral Efficiency Balancing Algorithm for Energy Saving in LTE Downlinks. Symmetry 2021, 13, 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020211
Maharazu M, Hanapi ZM, Alrashah MA. Energy and Spectral Efficiency Balancing Algorithm for Energy Saving in LTE Downlinks. Symmetry. 2021; 13(2):211. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020211
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaharazu, Mamman, Zurina Mohd Hanapi, and Mohamed A. Alrashah. 2021. "Energy and Spectral Efficiency Balancing Algorithm for Energy Saving in LTE Downlinks" Symmetry 13, no. 2: 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020211