Morphometric Evaluation of Detailed Asymmetry for the Proximal Humerus in Korean Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics and Cadaver CT Data
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. 3D Modeling Process
2.2.2. 3D Model Alignment and Registration
2.2.3. Measurements
2.2.4. Statistical Analysis and Data Reproducibility
3. Results
3.1. Realiability of Alighment and Registration
3.2. Length, Volume, and Surface Area of the Humerus
3.3. Shape Differences of the Humerus
3.3.1. Head
3.3.2. Neck
3.3.3. Shaft
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Female | Male | Combined | |
---|---|---|---|
Number | 51 | 50 | 101 |
Average age | 61.1 | 57.8 | 59.5 |
Minimum age | 38 | 22 | 22 |
Maximum age | 96 | 95 | 96 |
Female | Male | Combined | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Length (mm) | 283.97 | 14.14 | 305.69 | 15.62 | 294.72 | 18.42 | <0.01 |
Volume (mm3) | 119,290.83 | 16,445.40 | 170,174.38 | 25,065.72 | 144,480.71 | 33,102.80 | <0.01 |
Surface area (mm2) | 23,101.57 | 2164.79 | 28,743.46 | 2794.92 | 25,894.58 | 3768.14 | <0.01 |
Female | Male | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Younger (n = 20) | Elder (n = 31) | p | Younger (n = 32) | Elder (n = 18) | p | |
Length (mm) | 279.91 | 284.32 | 0.28 | 303.48 | 307.40 | 0.40 |
Surface area (mm2) | 22,603.87 | 23,204.86 | 0.34 | 8,325,382.89 | 5,147,540.32 | 0.08 |
Female | Male | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Right | Left | p | Right | Left | p | ||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
Humerus | Length (mm) | 285.34 | 14.21 | 282.59 | 14.09 | 0.324 | 307.10 | 15.73 | 304.89 | 15.43 | 0.612 |
Volume (mm3) | 117,981.70 | 20,744.26 | 117,117.84 | 18,799.50 | 0.550 | 171,242.23 | 25,012.86 | 168,751.88 | 24,031.55 | 0.433 | |
Surface area (mm2) | 23,879.15 | 3843.24 | 23,312.96 | 3345.61 | 0.539 | 30,328.04 | 4729.69 | 29,310.09 | 3759.95 | 0.436 |
Female | Male | Combined | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | |
H1 | 0.62 | 0.39 | 1.02 | 0.67 | 0.50 | 0.94 | 0.65 | 0.49 | 0.91 |
H2 | 0.48 | 0.34 | 0.76 | 0.57 | 0.35 | 0.90 | 0.53 | 0.36 | 0.83 |
H3 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.66 | 0.56 | 0.33 | 0.97 | 0.51 | 0.36 | 0.77 |
H4 | 0.55 | 0.35 | 0.83 | 0.64 | 0.44 | 0.96 | 0.59 | 0.44 | 0.84 |
H5 | 0.59 | 0.35 | 0.94 | 0.62 | 0.37 | 1.05 | 0.60 | 0.42 | 0.99 |
N1 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.59 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.67 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.63 |
N2 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.54 | 0.46 | 0.29 | 0.62 | 0.43 | 0.33 | 0.52 |
N3 | 0.37 | 0.28 | 0.49 | 0.44 | 0.29 | 0.55 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.50 |
N4 | 0.37 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.32 | 0.58 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 0.49 |
N5 | 0.37 | 0.30 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.32 | 0.60 | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.51 |
S1 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.35 | 0.61 | 0.44 | 0.36 | 0.54 |
S2 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.63 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.56 |
S3 | 0.40 | 0.31 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.58 | 0.44 | 0.35 | 0.51 |
S4 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.34 | 0.61 | 0.42 | 0.32 | 0.55 |
S5 | 0.47 | 0.37 | 0.64 | 0.52 | 0.37 | 0.74 | 0.49 | 0.37 | 0.66 |
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Hong, E.; Kwak, D.-S.; Kim, I.-B. Morphometric Evaluation of Detailed Asymmetry for the Proximal Humerus in Korean Population. Symmetry 2021, 13, 862. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050862
Hong E, Kwak D-S, Kim I-B. Morphometric Evaluation of Detailed Asymmetry for the Proximal Humerus in Korean Population. Symmetry. 2021; 13(5):862. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050862
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong, Eunah, Dai-Soon Kwak, and In-Beom Kim. 2021. "Morphometric Evaluation of Detailed Asymmetry for the Proximal Humerus in Korean Population" Symmetry 13, no. 5: 862. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050862