Impact of Molecular Symmetry/Asymmetry on Insulin-Sensitizing Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes

Filisola-Villaseñor, Jessica Georgina; Aranda-Barradas, María E.; Miranda-Castro, Susana Patricia; Mendieta-Wejebe, Jessica Elena; Valdez Guerrero, Amaranta Sarai; Guillen Castro, Selene Amasis; Martínez Castillo, Macario; Tamay-Cach, Feliciano; Álvarez-Almazán, Samuel

doi:10.3390/sym14061240

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Impact of Molecular Symmetry/Asymmetry on Insulin-Sensitizing Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes

by

Jessica Georgina Filisola-Villaseñor

¹,

María E. Aranda-Barradas

²

,

Susana Patricia Miranda-Castro

²,

Jessica Elena Mendieta-Wejebe

³

,

Amaranta Sarai Valdez Guerrero

⁴,

Selene Amasis Guillen Castro

⁴,

Macario Martínez Castillo

⁵,

Feliciano Tamay-Cach

^4,*

and

Samuel Álvarez-Almazán

^2,4,*

¹

Laboratorio 2, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico

²

Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campus 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. 1º. De Mayo S/N Sta. María Las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico

³

Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico

⁴

Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica Aplicada, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico

⁵

Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Symmetry 2022, 14(6), 1240; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061240

Submission received: 30 April 2022 / Revised: 28 May 2022 / Accepted: 1 June 2022 / Published: 15 June 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthetic and Natural Compounds with Symmetry/Asymmetry in Medicinal and Environmental Chemistry)

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Abstract

Although the advantages and disadvantages of asymmetrical thiazolidinediones as insulin-sensitizers have been well-studied, the relevance of symmetry and asymmetry for thiazolidinediones and biguanides has scarcely been explored. Regarding symmetrical molecules, only one thiazolidinedione and no biguanides have been evaluated and proposed as an antihyperglycemic agent for treating type 2 diabetes. Since molecular structure defines physicochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties, it is important to gain greater insights into poorly investigated patterns. For example, compounds with intrinsic antioxidant properties commonly have low toxicity. Additionally, the molecular symmetry and asymmetry of ligands are each associated with affinity for certain types of receptors. An advantageous response obtained in one therapeutic application may imply a poor or even adverse effect in another. Within the context of general patterns, each compound must be assessed individually. The current review aimed to summarize the available evidence for the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing symmetrical and asymmetrical thiazolidinediones and biguanides as insulin sensitizers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Other applications of these same compounds are also examined as well as the various uses of additional symmetrical molecules. More research is needed to exploit the potential of symmetrical molecules as insulin sensitizers.

Keywords: symmetrical molecule; asymmetrical molecule; type 2 diabetes; insulin resistance; thiazolidinediones; biguanides

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MDPI and ACS Style

Filisola-Villaseñor, J.G.; Aranda-Barradas, M.E.; Miranda-Castro, S.P.; Mendieta-Wejebe, J.E.; Valdez Guerrero, A.S.; Guillen Castro, S.A.; Martínez Castillo, M.; Tamay-Cach, F.; Álvarez-Almazán, S. Impact of Molecular Symmetry/Asymmetry on Insulin-Sensitizing Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes. Symmetry 2022, 14, 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061240

AMA Style

Filisola-Villaseñor JG, Aranda-Barradas ME, Miranda-Castro SP, Mendieta-Wejebe JE, Valdez Guerrero AS, Guillen Castro SA, Martínez Castillo M, Tamay-Cach F, Álvarez-Almazán S. Impact of Molecular Symmetry/Asymmetry on Insulin-Sensitizing Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes. Symmetry. 2022; 14(6):1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061240

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filisola-Villaseñor, Jessica Georgina, María E. Aranda-Barradas, Susana Patricia Miranda-Castro, Jessica Elena Mendieta-Wejebe, Amaranta Sarai Valdez Guerrero, Selene Amasis Guillen Castro, Macario Martínez Castillo, Feliciano Tamay-Cach, and Samuel Álvarez-Almazán. 2022. "Impact of Molecular Symmetry/Asymmetry on Insulin-Sensitizing Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes" Symmetry 14, no. 6: 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061240

APA Style

Filisola-Villaseñor, J. G., Aranda-Barradas, M. E., Miranda-Castro, S. P., Mendieta-Wejebe, J. E., Valdez Guerrero, A. S., Guillen Castro, S. A., Martínez Castillo, M., Tamay-Cach, F., & Álvarez-Almazán, S. (2022). Impact of Molecular Symmetry/Asymmetry on Insulin-Sensitizing Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes. Symmetry, 14(6), 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061240

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Impact of Molecular Symmetry/Asymmetry on Insulin-Sensitizing Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes

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